The rylene colorant family--tailored nanoemitters for photonics research and applications.

This Review summarizes the latest advances in the field of rylene dyes and rylene nanoemitters for applications in photonics, and describes the influence of the dye design on the optical properties, the self-assembly, the molecular interactions, as well as the labeling specificity of the compounds. The interplay between tailored (macro)molecular design and bulk/single-molecule spectroscopy enables complex processes to be explained, for example, the kinetics of energy-transfer processes or (bio)catalysis. Such investigations are essential for the ultimate design of optimized nanoemitters, and require a close cooperation between spectroscopists and preparative organic chemists.

[1]  M. Roeffaers,et al.  Towards direct monitoring of discrete events in a catalytic cycle at the single molecule level , 2009, Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology.

[2]  Mike Heilemann,et al.  Multicolor photoswitching microscopy for subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence imaging , 2009, Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology.

[3]  P. Dedecker,et al.  Defocused Wide‐field Imaging Unravels Structural and Temporal Heterogeneity in Complex Systems , 2009 .

[4]  Zhijian Chen,et al.  Self-assembled pi-stacks of functional dyes in solution: structural and thermodynamic features. , 2009, Chemical Society reviews.

[5]  J. Hofkens,et al.  Polymers and single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, what can we learn? , 2009, Chemical Society reviews.

[6]  J. Hofkens,et al.  Linking phospholipase mobility to activity by single-molecule wide-field microscopy. , 2009, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[7]  P. Erk,et al.  Rainbow perylene monoimides: easy control of optical properties. , 2009, Chemistry.

[8]  J. Michaelis,et al.  Photophysics of new water-soluble terrylenediimide derivatives and applications in biology. , 2009, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[9]  Mike Heilemann,et al.  Subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence imaging of proteins in the mitochondrial inner membrane with photoswitchable fluorophores. , 2008, Journal of structural biology.

[10]  E. Fron,et al.  Photophysical study of bay substituted perylenediimides , 2008 .

[11]  Giacomo Bergamini,et al.  Polysulfurated pyrene-cored dendrimers: luminescent and electrochromic properties. , 2008, Chemistry.

[12]  K. Bouchemal.  New challenges for pharmaceutical formulations and drug delivery systems characterization using isothermal titration calorimetry. , 2008, Drug discovery today.

[13]  T. Weil,et al.  Dendritic star polymers for efficient DNA binding and stimulus-dependent DNA release. , 2008, Biomacromolecules.

[14]  S. Hell,et al.  Fluorescence nanoscopy by ground-state depletion and single-molecule return , 2008, Nature Methods.

[15]  R. Nitschke,et al.  Quantum dots versus organic dyes as fluorescent labels , 2008, Nature Methods.

[16]  Philip Tinnefeld,et al.  Fluoreszenzmikroskopie unterhalb der optischen Auflösungsgrenze mit konventionellen Fluoreszenzsonden , 2008 .

[17]  M. Heilemann,et al.  Subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence imaging with conventional fluorescent probes. , 2008, Angewandte Chemie.

[18]  Ling Zang,et al.  One-dimensional self-assembly of planar pi-conjugated molecules: adaptable building blocks for organic nanodevices. , 2008, Accounts of chemical research.

[19]  T. Weil,et al.  Fluorescent core/shell nanoparticles for specific cell-nucleus staining. , 2008, Small.

[20]  J. Hofkens,et al.  Fabrication of fluorescent nanoparticles of dendronized perylenediimide by laser ablation in water , 2008 .

[21]  C. Joo,et al.  Advances in single-molecule fluorescence methods for molecular biology. , 2008, Annual review of biochemistry.

[22]  Dirk-Peter Herten.  Optische Einzelmolekülspektroskopie. Einblicke in den Nanokosmos , 2008 .

[23]  Meizhen Yin,et al.  A fluorescent core-shell dendritic macromolecule specifically stains the extracellular matrix. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[24]  J. Hofkens,et al.  Photoinduced electron-transfer in perylenediimide triphenylamine-based dendrimers: single photon timing and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy , 2008, Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology.

[25]  Michael Börsch,et al.  Exploiting the nitrilotriacetic acid moiety for biolabeling with ultrastable perylene dyes. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[26]  H. Luhmann,et al.  Novel fluorescent core-shell nanocontainers for cell membrane transport. , 2008, Biomacromolecules.

[27]  J. Hofkens,et al.  Water-soluble monofunctional perylene and terrylene dyes: powerful labels for single-enzyme tracking. , 2008, Angewandte Chemie.

[28]  K. Müllen,et al.  Intramolecular electronic excitation energy transfer in donor/acceptor dyads studied by time and frequency resolved single molecule spectroscopy. , 2008, The Journal of chemical physics.

[29]  Andreas Schönle,et al.  Resolution scaling in STED microscopy. , 2008, Optics express.

[30]  Anthony Harriman,et al.  Die vielseitige Chemie von Bodipy‐Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen , 2008 .

[31]  Anthony Harriman,et al.  The chemistry of fluorescent bodipy dyes: versatility unsurpassed. , 2008, Angewandte Chemie.

[32]  F. Würthner,et al.  Sequential FRET Processes in Calix[4]arene-Linked Orange-Red-Green Perylene Bisimide Dye Zigzag Arrays , 2008 .

[33]  Vincenzo Palermo,et al.  Photovoltaic charge generation visualized at the nanoscale: a proof of principle. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[34]  P. Dedecker,et al.  Excitation energy migration processes in cyclic porphyrin arrays probed by single molecule spectroscopy. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[35]  Jens Michaelis,et al.  Diffusion of oriented single molecules with switchable mobility in networks of long unidimensional nanochannels. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[36]  Peter Dedecker,et al.  Radical polymerization tracked by single molecule spectroscopy. , 2008, Angewandte Chemie.

[37]  A. Herrmann,et al.  Verfolgung der radikalischen Polymerisation mit Einzelmolekülspektroskopie , 2008 .

[38]  Jan Genoe,et al.  An Organic Light‐Emitting Diode with Field‐Effect Electron Transport , 2008 .

[39]  Frank Cichos,et al.  Power-law intermittency of single emitters , 2007 .

[40]  T. Bein,et al.  Visualizing single-molecule diffusion in mesoporous materials , 2007, Nature.

[41]  F. Würthner,et al.  Effects of bay substituents on the racemization barriers of perylene bisimides: resolution of atropo-enantiomers. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[42]  Peter Dedecker,et al.  A stroboscopic approach for fast photoactivation-localization microscopy with Dronpa mutants. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[43]  J. Hofkens,et al.  Single perylene diimide dendrimers as single-photon sources , 2007 .

[44]  M. Ameloot,et al.  Visualization of membrane rafts using a perylene monoimide derivative and fluorescence lifetime imaging. , 2007, Biophysical journal.

[45]  S W Hell,et al.  Photochromic rhodamines provide nanoscopy with optical sectioning. , 2007, Angewandte Chemie.

[46]  Klaus Müllen,et al.  Novel core-expanded rylenebis(dicarboximide) dyes bearing pentacene units: facile synthesis and photophysical properties. , 2007, Chemistry.

[47]  Meizhen Yin,et al.  Amphiphilic Multicore‐Shell Particles Based on Polyphenylene Dendrimers , 2007 .

[48]  Hiroshi Uji-i,et al.  Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy in (bio)catalysis , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[49]  Peter Dedecker,et al.  Fluorescence of single molecules in polymer films: sensitivity of blinking to local environment. , 2007, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[50]  S. Hell.  Far-Field Optical Nanoscopy , 2007, Science.

[51]  Christian Eggeling,et al.  Breaking the diffraction barrier in fluorescence microscopy by optical shelving. , 2007, Physical review letters.

[52]  P. Lagoudakis,et al.  Exciton accumulation in pi-conjugated wires encapsulated by light-harvesting macrocycles. , 2007, Angewandte Chemie.

[53]  E. Matijević,et al.  Amplified light scattering and emission of silver and silver core-silica shell particles. , 2007, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[54]  M. Garcia-Parajo,et al.  Power-law blinking in the fluorescence of single organic molecules. , 2007, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[55]  T. Bein,et al.  Exploration of nanostructured channel systems with single-molecule probes. , 2007, Nature materials.

[56]  K. Müllen,et al.  Multichromophoric polyphenylene dendrimers: toward brilliant light emitters with an increased number of fluorophores. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[57]  J. Hofkens,et al.  Energy and Electron Transfer in Ethynylene Bridged Perylene Diimide Multichromophores , 2007 .

[58]  J. Hofkens,et al.  Single-molecule spectroscopic investigation of energy migration processes in cyclic porphyrin arrays. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[59]  Klaus Müllen,et al.  Electronic excitation energy transfer between two single molecules embedded in a polymer host. , 2007, Physical review letters.

[60]  J. Hofkens,et al.  Origin of simultaneous donor-acceptor emission in single molecules of peryleneimide-terrylenediimide labeled polyphenylene dendrimers. , 2007, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[61]  Mike Heilemann,et al.  Dissecting and reducing the heterogeneity of excited-state energy transport in DNA-based photonic wires. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[62]  Michael D. Mason,et al.  Ultra-high resolution imaging by fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy. , 2006, Biophysical journal.

[63]  Y. Avlasevich,et al.  Thermochromic Fluorophores and Their NIR Laser Induced Transformation , 2006 .

[64]  Michael J Rust,et al.  Sub-diffraction-limit imaging by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) , 2006, Nature Methods.

[65]  J. Lippincott-Schwartz,et al.  Imaging Intracellular Fluorescent Proteins at Nanometer Resolution , 2006, Science.

[66]  K. Müllen,et al.  From Industrial Colorants to Single Photon Sources and Biolabels: The Fascination and Function of Rylene Dyes , 2006 .

[67]  N. Finney.  Combinatorial discovery of fluorophores and fluorescent probes. , 2006, Current opinion in chemical biology.

[68]  R. Friend,et al.  Control of morphology in efficient photovoltaic diodes from discotic liquid crystals. , 2006, The Journal of chemical physics.

[69]  R. Tsien,et al.  The Fluorescent Toolbox for Assessing Protein Location and Function , 2006, Science.

[70]  C. Bräuchle,et al.  A new photostable terrylene diimide dye for applications in single molecule studies and membrane labeling. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[71]  J. Hofkens,et al.  Visualizing spatial and temporal heterogeneity of single molecule rotational diffusion in a glassy polymer by defocused wide-field imaging , 2006 .

[72]  K. Müllen,et al.  Pentarylene- and hexarylenebis(dicarboximide)s: near-infrared-absorbing polyaromatic dyes. , 2006, Angewandte Chemie.

[73]  M. Roeffaers,et al.  Spatially resolved observation of crystal-face-dependent catalysis by single turnover counting , 2006, Nature.

[74]  Jacob Piehler,et al.  Specific and stable fluorescence labeling of histidine-tagged proteins for dissecting multi-protein complex formation. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[75]  S. Lippard,et al.  Selective labeling of extracellular proteins containing polyhistidine sequences by a fluorescein-nitrilotriacetic acid conjugate. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[76]  Toby D M Bell,et al.  Characterizing the fluorescence intermittency and photobleaching kinetics of dye molecules immobilized on a glass surface. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[77]  L. Cognet,et al.  Photothermal absorption spectroscopy of individual semiconductor nanocrystals. , 2005, Nano letters.

[78]  Richard K. Darst,et al.  Origins of nonexponential decay in single molecule measurements of rotational dynamics. , 2005, Physical review letters.

[79]  S. Yoshimura,et al.  Linker histone H1 per se can induce three-dimensional folding of chromatin fiber. , 2005, Biochemistry.

[80]  J. Moser.  Later rather than sooner , 2005, Nature materials.

[81]  Andrew C. Grimsdale,et al.  Die Chemie organischer Nanomaterialien , 2005 .

[82]  Klaus Müllen,et al.  The chemistry of organic nanomaterials. , 2005, Angewandte Chemie.

[83]  K. Müllen,et al.  Facile synthetic approach to novel core-extended perylene carboximide dyes. , 2005, Chemical communications.

[84]  K. Müllen,et al.  Time-resolved measurements of intramolecular energy transfer in single donor/acceptor dyads. , 2005, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[85]  J. Hofkens,et al.  Energy dissipation in multichromophoric single dendrimers. , 2005, Accounts of chemical research.

[86]  B. Lounis,et al.  Fluorescent silver oligomeric clusters and colloidal particles , 2005 .

[87]  Paul F. Barbara,et al.  Single-Molecule Spectroscopy , 2005 .

[88]  K. Müllen,et al.  Synthesis and modification of terrylenediimides as high-performance fluorescent dyes. , 2005, Chemistry.

[89]  T. Weil,et al.  Probing intramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer in a naphthaleneimide-peryleneimide-terrylenediimide-based dendrimer by ensemble and single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[90]  Heinz Langhals,et al.  Control of the Interactions in Multichromophores: Novel Concepts. Perylene Bis-imides as Components for Larger Functional Units , 2005 .

[91]  J. Verhoeven,et al.  Electron transfer at the single-molecule level in a triphenylamine-perylene imide molecule. , 2005, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[92]  Markus Sauer,et al.  Branching out of single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy: challenges for chemistry and influence on biology. , 2005, Angewandte Chemie.

[93]  Philip Tinnefeld,et al.  Neue Wege in der Einzelmolekül‐Fluoreszenzspektroskopie: Herausforderungen für die Chemie und Einfluss auf die Biologie , 2005 .

[94]  M. Orrit,et al.  Single-photon sources , 2005 .

[95]  J. Hofkens,et al.  Synthesis of and excited state processes in multichromophoric dendritic systems , 2005 .

[96]  M. Heilemann,et al.  Carbocyanine dyes as efficient reversible single-molecule optical switch. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[97]  Stéphane Berciaud,et al.  Observation of intrinsic size effects in the optical response of individual gold nanoparticles. , 2005, Nano letters.

[98]  J. Hofkens,et al.  Probing the influence O-2 on photoinduced reversible electron transfer in perylenediimide-triphenylamine-based dendrimers by single-molecule spectroscopy , 2004 .

[99]  J. Hofkens,et al.  Higher-excited-state photophysical pathways in multichromophoric systems revealed by single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. , 2004, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[100]  Michael W. Holman,et al.  Studying and switching electron transfer: from the ensemble to the single molecule. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[101]  T. Weil,et al.  Towards highly fluorescent and water-soluble perylene dyes. , 2004, Chemistry.

[102]  J. Hofkens,et al.  Fluorescence lifetimes and emission patterns probe the 3D orientation of the emitting chromophore in a multichromophoric system. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[103]  J. Hofkens,et al.  Multichromophoric dendrimers as single-photon sources: A single-molecule study , 2004 .

[104]  J. Verhoeven,et al.  Probing conformational dynamics in single donor-acceptor synthetic molecules by means of photoinduced reversible electron transfer. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[105]  K. Müllen,et al.  Dendronized perylene diimide emitters: Synthesis, luminescence, and electron and energy transfer studies , 2004 .

[106]  S. Djurovic,et al.  Comparison of nonviral transfection and adeno-associated viral transduction on cardiomyocytes , 2004, Molecular biotechnology.

[107]  Gerhard A Blab,et al.  Photothermal heterodyne imaging of individual nonfluorescent nanoclusters and nanocrystals. , 2004, Physical review letters.

[108]  M. Garcia-Parajo,et al.  Investigation of perylene photonic wires by combined single-molecule fluorescence and atomic force microscopy. , 2004, Angewandte Chemie.

[109]  Frank Würthner,et al.  Perylene bisimide dyes as versatile building blocks for functional supramolecular architectures. , 2004, Chemical communications.

[110]  A. J. Goshe,et al.  Self-assembly of supramolecular light-harvesting arrays from covalent multi-chromophore perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) building blocks. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[111]  K. Müllen,et al.  Synthesis and Optical Properties of Water-Soluble NIR Absorbing Star Polypeptides based on Functional Rylene Dyes , 2004 .

[112]  Mike Heilemann,et al.  Multistep energy transfer in single molecular photonic wires. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[113]  Michel Orrit,et al.  Single-molecule optics. , 2004, Annual review of physical chemistry.

[114]  K. Müllen,et al.  Ionic perylenetetracarboxdiimides: highly fluorescent and water-soluble dyes for biolabeling. , 2004, Angewandte Chemie.

[115]  J. Hofkens,et al.  Single-molecule conformations probe free volume in polymers. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[116]  A. Sautter,et al.  Photoinduced Electron and Energy Transfer Processes in a Bichromophoric Pyrene-Perylene Bisimide System , 2004 .

[117]  Zhijian Chen,et al.  Tetrachloro-substituted perylene bisimide dyes as promising n-type organic semiconductors: studies on structural, electrochemical and charge transport properties. , 2004, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[118]  Gregory D Scholes,et al.  Long-range resonance energy transfer in molecular systems. , 2003, Annual review of physical chemistry.

[119]  Kenneth D. Weston,et al.  Revealing competitive Förster-type resonance energy-transfer pathways in single bichromophoric molecules , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[120]  R. Gronheid,et al.  Intramolecular directional förster resonance energy transfer at the single-molecule level in a dendritic system. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[121]  Ruchuan Liu,et al.  Single-molecule spectroscopy of interfacial electron transfer. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[122]  Kenneth D. Weston,et al.  Probing Förster Type Energy Pathways in a First Generation Rigid Dendrimer Bearing Two Perylene Imide Chromophores , 2003 .

[123]  K. Müllen,et al.  University of Groningen Fluorescence and Intramolecular Energy Transfer in Polyphenylene Dendrimers , 2018 .

[124]  M. Belting.  Heparan sulfate proteoglycan as a plasma membrane carrier. , 2003, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[125]  M. Orrit.  Single-molecule spectroscopy: The road ahead , 2002 .

[126]  Mircea Cotlet,et al.  Antibunching in the emission of a single tetrachromophoric dendritic system. , 2002, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[127]  D. Brousmiche,et al.  Cascade energy transfer in a conformationally mobile multichromophoric dendrimer. , 2002, Chemical communications.

[128]  U. Kubitscheck,et al.  Photostability Data for Fluorescent Dyes: An Update. , 2002 .

[129]  K. Müllen,et al.  Biomimetic model of a plant photosystem consisting of a recombinant light-harvesting complex and a terrylene dye. , 2002, Angewandte Chemie.

[130]  Klaus Müllen,et al.  Biomimetisches Modell eines pflanzlichen Photosystems bestehend aus einem rekombinanten Lichtsammelkomplex und einem Terrylenfarbstoff , 2002 .

[131]  Robert M Dickson,et al.  Three-dimensional single molecule rotational diffusion in glassy state polymer films. , 2002, Physical review letters.

[132]  T. Weil,et al.  Shape-persistent, fluorescent polyphenylene dyads and a triad for efficient vectorial transduction of excitation energy. , 2002, Angewandte Chemie.

[133]  R. Gronheid,et al.  Parameters Influencing the On- and Off-Times in the Fluorescence Intensity Traces of Single Cyanine Dye Molecules , 2002 .

[134]  T. Weil,et al.  Intramolecular Förster energy transfer in a dendritic system at the single molecule level. , 2002, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[135]  D. Bout,et al.  Comparison of ensemble and single molecule approaches to probing polymer relaxation dynamics near Tg , 2002 .

[136]  S. Mukamel,et al.  Influence of Structural and Rotational Isomerism on the Triplet Blinking of Individual Dendrimer Molecules , 2001 .

[137]  T. Weil,et al.  Polyphenylene dendrimers with perylene diimide as a luminescent core. , 2001, Chemistry.

[138]  R. Ebright,et al.  Site-specific incorporation of fluorescent probes into protein: hexahistidine-tag-mediated fluorescent labeling with (Ni(2+):nitrilotriacetic Acid (n)-fluorochrome conjugates. , 2001, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[139]  T. Weil,et al.  Polyphenylene dendrimers with different fluorescent chromophores asymmetrically distributed at the periphery. , 2001, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[140]  T. Weil,et al.  Intramolecular energy hopping and energy trapping in polyphenylene dendrimers with multiple peryleneimide donor chromophores and a terryleneimide acceptor trap chromophore. , 2001, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[141]  Pablo G. Debenedetti,et al.  Supercooled liquids and the glass transition , 2001, Nature.

[142]  T. Weil,et al.  Singlet-singlet annihilation in multichromophoric peryleneimide dendrimers, determined by fluorescence upconversion. , 2001, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[143]  T. Weil,et al.  Conformational rearrangements in and twisting of a single molecule , 2001 .

[144]  Mark Van der Auweraer,et al.  New picosecond laser system for easy tunability over the whole ultraviolet/visible/near infrared wavelength range based on flexible harmonic generation and optical parametric oscillation , 2001 .

[145]  R. Scheller,et al.  A Rab11/Rip11 protein complex regulates apical membrane trafficking via recycling endosomes. , 2000, Molecular cell.

[146]  K. Müllen,et al.  New thermotropic dyes based on amino-substituted perylendicarboximides. , 2000, Chemistry.

[147]  Andreas Herrmann,et al.  Probing Photophysical Processes in Individual Multichromophoric Dendrimers by Single-Molecule Spectroscopy , 2000 .

[148]  S. Hell,et al.  Fluorescence microscopy with diffraction resolution barrier broken by stimulated emission. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[149]  Hua Zhang,et al.  Properties of Single Dendrimer Molecules Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy , 2000 .

[150]  A. Herrmann,et al.  Fluoreszenzuntersuchungen einzelner Dendrimermoleküle mit mehreren Chromophoren , 1999 .

[151]  Tsuda,et al.  Fluorescence Detection from Single Dendrimers with Multiple Chromophores. , 1999, Angewandte Chemie.

[152]  Robert M. Dickson,et al.  Imaging Three-Dimensional Single Molecule Orientations , 1999 .

[153]  C. Bräuchle,et al.  A Bichromophore Based on Perylene and Terrylene for Energy Transfer Studies at the Single‐Molecule Level , 1999 .

[154]  H. Schmidt,et al.  Perylenediimides with electron transport moieties for electroluminescent devices , 1999 .

[155]  J. Hofkens,et al.  Photophysical study of a multi-chromophoric dendrimer by time-resolved fluorescence and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy , 1999 .

[156]  Robert M. Dickson,et al.  Three-Dimensional Orientations of Polymer-Bound Single Molecules , 1999 .

[157]  W. Moerner,et al.  Illuminating single molecules in condensed matter. , 1999, Science.

[158]  David J. Norris,et al.  SIMULTANEOUS IMAGING OF INDIVIDUAL MOLECULES ALIGNED BOTH PARALLEL AND PERPENDICULAR TO THE OPTIC AXIS , 1998 .

[159]  Horia Metiu,et al.  Room-temperature fluorescence characteristics of single dye molecules adsorbed on a glass surface , 1998 .

[160]  M. Wasielewski,et al.  Characterization of photovoltaic cells using poly(phenylenevinylene) doped with perylenediimide electron acceptors , 1998 .

[161]  P. Barbara,et al.  Classifying the Photophysical Dynamics of Single- and Multiple-Chromophoric Molecules by Single Molecule Spectroscopy , 1998 .

[162]  R. Tsien,et al.  green fluorescent protein , 2020, Catalysis from A to Z.

[163]  C. Seidel,et al.  Photobleaching of Fluorescent Dyes under Conditions Used for Single-Molecule Detection:  Evidence of Two-Step Photolysis. , 1998, Analytical chemistry.

[164]  A. Shreve,et al.  ENERGY-TRANSFER MODELING FOR THE RATIONAL DESIGN OF MULTIPORPHYRIN LIGHT-HARVESTING ARRAYS , 1998 .

[165]  Ullrich Scherf,et al.  Efficient white light-emitting diodes realized with new processable blends of conjugated polymers , 1997 .

[166]  Paul F. Barbara,et al.  Discrete Intensity Jumps and Intramolecular Electronic Energy Transfer in the Spectroscopy of Single Conjugated Polymer Molecules , 1997 .

[167]  E. List,et al.  Efficient red- and orange-light-emitting diodes realized by excitation energy transfer from blue-light-emitting conjugated polymers , 1997 .

[168]  D. F. Ogletree,et al.  Probing the interaction between single molecules: fluorescence resonance energy transfer between a single donor and a single acceptor , 1996, Summaries of Papers Presented at the Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference.

[169]  P. Horton,et al.  REGULATION OF LIGHT HARVESTING IN GREEN PLANTS. , 1996, Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology.

[170]  G. Fleming,et al.  Electronic Excitation Transfer in the LH2 Complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides , 1996 .

[171]  N. W. Isaacs,et al.  Crystal structure of an integral membrane light-harvesting complex from photosynthetic bacteria , 1995, Nature.

[172]  R N Zare,et al.  Probing individual molecules with confocal fluorescence microscopy. , 1994, Science.

[173]  Hiroshi Inada,et al.  Multilayered organic electroluminescent device using a novel starburst molecule, 4,4’,4‘‐tris(3‐methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine, as a hole transport material , 1994 .

[174]  S. Hell,et al.  Breaking the diffraction resolution limit by stimulated emission: stimulated-emission-depletion fluorescence microscopy. , 1994, Optics letters.

[175]  T. Weil,et al.  Water-soluble rylene dyes as high-performance colorants for the staining of cells. , 2005, Biomacromolecules.

[176]  S. Jansson.  Light-Harvesting Complex (LHC) I and II: Pigments and Proteins , 2004 .

[177]  S. Weiss,et al.  Single-molecule spectroscopy and microscopy , 2002 .

[178]  T. Weil,et al.  Nanosized Polyphenylene Dendrimers , 2001 .

[179]  Andreas Herrmann,et al.  Intramolecular Energy Hopping in Polyphenylene Dendrimers with an Increasing Number of Peryleneimide Chromophores , 2001 .

[180]  Jean M. J. Fréchet,et al.  Light-harvesting dendrimers , 2000 .

[181]  K. Müllen,et al.  Quaterrylenebis(dicarboximide)s : near infrared absorbing and emitting dyes , 1998 .

[182]  C. Bräuchle,et al.  Direct spectroscopic observation of quantum jumps of a single molecule , 1995, Nature.

[183]  E. Clar.  Das Kondensationsprinzip, ein einfaches neues Prinzip im Aufbau der aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffe (Aromatische Kohlenwassertoffe XLII. Mitteilung) , 1948 .

[184]  Th. Förster.  Zwischenmolekulare Energiewanderung und Fluoreszenz , 1948 .