Mycetoma in Iran with emphasis on north of Iran a review of the literatures

Mycetomas are chronic granulomatous fungal diseases that involve cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. Mycetomas are caused by fungi (Eumycetoma) or fungus-like bacteria (Actinomycetoma). The exogenous causative agents are geophilic organisms which introduced by traumas. We review 90 cases of mycetoma in Iran from 1972 to 2009. There are rare reports of Mycetomas from Iran with most cases (66.3%) being male (male to female ratio of ~ 2:1). It has been found that the highest incidence of Mycetoma is between the ages of 31 and 50 years (60%) while most of the patients were farmers (44.4%). In Iran, foot is the most common site of affection (73.8%) followed by leg and arm (4.8% each). The most common agents causing actinomycetoma are Actinomadura madurae (23.5%), Nocardia asteroids (20.6%), Nocardia caviae (13.2%), and the most frequent causative agents of eumycetoma is Pseudoallescheria boydii (10.3%). The majority of reported cases are Northern (36%) and Southern (27%) provinces of Iran. Mazandaran has the highest prevalence (59.4%) among the Northern provinces The most common prevalent agents in Northern Iran is Actinomadura madurae (47.8%) that caused 68.8 % of Mycetoma in Northern Iran.

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