X-ray detection method capable of overcoming influence of object thickness

The invention discloses an X-ray detection method capable of overcoming the influence of object thickness. Used equipment comprises an X-ray machine, a dual-energy detector, a transferring device, a data processing system and a display system, wherein the X-ray machine is used for providing light required by imaging; the dual-energy detector is used for acquiring a high-low energy image; the transferring device is used for transporting an imaged object; the data processing system is used for processing an image; and the display system is used for displaying the image. The method can acquire low-energy and high-energy X-ray images simultaneously, can acquire an image irrelevant to the thickness information by using the relationship between an absorption coefficient and energy, can overcome the influence of the object thickness on the detection result, and plays an important role in the fields such as public security, food detection, garbage sorting and the like.