Kinematics of the normal spine as related to scoliosis.

Abstract Knowledge of the normal is a basis, if not a prerequisite, for an understanding of the abnormal. This paper describes and discusses certain aspects of the kinematics of the normal spine related to scoliosis. Fundamental concepts and definitions related to spine kinematics are reviewed. The salient anatomic considerations are described. The kinematics of the thoracic spine is presented along with experimental methods employed in the observations. The findings are interpreted in the context of theoretical implications related to etiology and treatment of scoliosis.