Utilization of FBRM in the Control of CSD in a Batch Cooled Crystallizer

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I first would like to acknowledge the importance of the funds provided through the Cecil J. "Pete" Silas Endowed Chair that allowed the completion of this research. I wish also to give my sincere thanks to my thesis advisor, Dr Ronald W. Rousseau, for his knowledge, his helpful advice and time he offered throughout this project. I am grateful to the committee members for all the useful suggestions and remarks made: Dr Amyn Teja, and Dr Martha Gallivan. I also want to thank past and present members of this research group for their precious help, friendship and support: I give my thanks to all the professors and staff I met at Georgia Tech for being so willingly helpful and sharing part of their knowledge with me. And last but not least, I would like to express my thankfulness to all my friends and my family for their kindness and support. They shaped the person I am today.

[1]  K. Kachrimanis,et al.  Effects of harvesting and cooling on crystallization and transformation of orthorhombic paracetamol in ethanolic solution. , 2002, European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.

[2]  E. T. White,et al.  Optimum fines size for classification in double draw-off crystallizers , 1989 .

[3]  G. Day,et al.  The prediction, morphology, and mechanical properties of the polymorphs of paracetamol. , 2001, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[4]  Allan S. Myerson,et al.  Solutions and Solution Properties , 2019, Handbook of Industrial Crystallization.

[5]  J. W. Mullin,et al.  EFFECT OF FINES DESTRUCTION ON BATCH COOLING CRYSTALLIZATION OF POTASSIUM SULPHATE SOLUTIONS. , 1984 .

[6]  E. Wynn,et al.  Relationship between particle-size and chord-length distributions in focused beam reflectance measurement: stability of direct inversion and weighting , 2003 .

[7]  H.-P. Wirges.  The Kinetics of Industrial Crystallization , 1986 .

[8]  Gu Shan.  Production of large crystals with a narrow crystal size distribution by a novel WWDJ batch crystallizer , 2002 .

[9]  G. Févotte.  New perspectives for the on-line monitoring of pharmaceutical crystallization processes using in situ infrared spectroscopy. , 2002, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[10]  Lijun Wu,et al.  Larger Ba(NO3)2/Sr(NO3)2 crystal growth and solubility determination , 2004 .

[11]  M. Mazzotti,et al.  Modeling and Experimental Analysis of PSD Measurements through FBRM , 2000 .

[12]  S. Malamataris,et al.  Effects of initial concentration and seeding procedure on crystallisation of orthorhombic paracetamol from ethanolic solution. , 2003, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[13]  Richard D. Braatz,et al.  Advanced control of crystallization processes , 2002, Annu. Rev. Control..

[14]  Richard C. Bennett.  Crystallizer selection and design , 2002 .

[15]  Ernst Dieter Gilles,et al.  Development, analysis and validation of population models for continuous and batch crystallizers , 2002 .

[16]  R. Davey,et al.  From Molecules to Crystallizers , 2001 .

[17]  Alexander McPherson.  Introduction to macromolecular crystallography , 2002 .

[18]  Okko H. Bosgra,et al.  Design and experimental evaluation of stabilizing feedback controllers for continuous crystallizers , 1995 .

[19]  Ulrich Nieken,et al.  On the dynamic simulation of mass crystallization with fines removal , 1995 .

[20]  M. Mazzotti,et al.  Model-Based Optimization of Particle Size Distribution in Batch-Cooling Crystallization of Paracetamol , 2004 .

[21]  Parisa A. Bahri,et al.  Estimating Average Particle Size by Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM) , 2002 .

[22]  I. Leubner.  Balanced Nucleation and Growth Model for Controlled Crystal Size Distribution , 2002 .

[23]  Mingzhong Li,et al.  Determination of non-spherical particle size distribution from chord length measurements. Part 1: Theoretical analysis , 2005 .

[24]  Robin Smith,et al.  Novel Strategies for Optimization of Batch, Semi-batch and Heating/Cooling Evaporative Crystallization , 2004 .

[25]  Alfons Mersmann,et al.  Prediction of crystallization coefficients of the population balance , 2002 .

[26]  Carmelo Giacovazzo,et al.  Fundamentals of Crystallography , 2002 .

[27]  F. Puel,et al.  An Online Strategy To Increase the Average Crystal Size during Organic Batch Cooling Crystallization , 2002 .

[28]  J. Romagnoli,et al.  Investigation of on-line optical particle characterization in reaction and cooling crystallization systems. Current state of the art , 2002 .

[29]  Alan Holden,et al.  Crystals and crystal growing , 1960 .

[30]  A. Žekić,et al.  Dependence of growth rate on initial crystal size , 2003 .

[31]  B. Glennon,et al.  Characterizing the metastable zone width and solubility curve using lasentec FBRM and PVM , 2002 .

[32]  John Garside,et al.  Industrial crystallization from solution , 1985 .

[33]  Alan D. Randolph,et al.  SELECTIVE FINES DESTRUCTION IN BATCH CRYSTALLIZATION , 1989 .

[34]  R. Braatz,et al.  Paracetamol Crystallization Using Laser Backscattering and ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy: Metastability, Agglomeration, and Control , 2002 .

[35]  Dimo Kashchiev,et al.  Nucleation : basic theory with applications , 2000 .

[36]  Koji Takahashi,et al.  Crystal size distribution of aluminum potassium sulfate in a batch crystallizer equipped with different types of impeller , 1998 .

[37]  Kumar Patchigolla,et al.  Determination of non-spherical particle size distribution from chord length measurements. Part 2: Experimental validation , 2005 .

[38]  B. Glennon,et al.  In‐line FBRM Monitoring of Particle Size in Dilute Agitated Suspensions , 1999 .

[39]  J. Klein,et al.  Model identification of batch cooling crystallizations through calorimetry and image analysis , 1997 .

[40]  A. Randolph,et al.  Theory of Particulate Processes: Analysis and Techniques of Continuous Crystallization , 1971 .

[41]  B. Shi.  Crystallization of solutes that lead to scale formation in black liquor evaporation , 2002 .

[42]  Hiroshi Sako,et al.  Confidence Transformation for Combining Classifiers , 2004, Pattern Analysis and Applications.

[43]  R. Laudise.  The growth of single crystals , 1970 .

[44]  Sohrab Rohani,et al.  Solution of population balance equations with a new combined Lax-Wendroff/Crank-Nicholson method , 2001 .

[45]  Ronald W. Rousseau,et al.  Comparison of simulated crystal size distribution control systems based on nuclei density and supersaturation , 1982 .

[46]  M. Bravi,et al.  Relating the attrition behaviour of crystals in a stirred vessel to their mechanical properties , 2003 .

[47]  N. Kubota,et al.  Process Control of Seeded Batch Cooling Crystallization of the Metastable α-Form Glycine Using an In-Situ ATR-FTIR Spectrometer and an In-Situ FBRM Particle Counter , 2004 .

[48]  Petia Georgieva,et al.  Knowledge-based hybrid modelling of a batch crystallisation when accounting for nucleation, growth and agglomeration phenomena , 2003 .

[49]  Kati Pöllänen,et al.  Batch cooling crystallization study based on in-line measurement of supersaturation and crystal size distribution , 2005 .

[50]  R. Semiat,et al.  Particle‐size analysis in mass crystallization from solutions , 2000 .

[51]  W. Gille.  Chord length distributions of infinitely long geometric figures , 2002 .

[52]  Narayan S. Tavare,et al.  Industrial crystallization : process simulation analysis and design , 1995 .

[53]  S. Veesler,et al.  Pure Paracetamol for direct compression Part I. Development of sintered-like crystals of Paracetamol , 1995 .

[54]  Production-Scale Particle Design of a Pharmaceutical Intermediate , 2004 .

[55]  Sohrab Rohani,et al.  Nonlinear control of a batch crystallizer , 2002 .

[56]  A. Myerson.  Handbook of Industrial Crystallization , 2002 .

[57]  B. J. McCoy,et al.  Temperature effects for crystal growth: a distribution kinetics approach , 2003 .

[58]  Åke C. Rasmuson,et al.  Solubility of Paracetamol in Pure Solvents , 1999 .

[59]  S. Veesler,et al.  Pure Paracetamol for direct compression Part II. Study of the physicochemical and mechanical properties of sintered-like crystals of Paracetamol , 1995 .