Dancing with words

Music, sound effects and speech prosody are missing from conventional closed captions. Despite advancements, closed captioning has yet to surpass the threshold of 1970s technology. In this study, animated text was used to convey missing sound information to hearing impaired users. Twenty-five hard of hearing and hearing participants watched two television clips containing three different styles of captions: conventional, enhanced and extreme. Participants preferred enhanced, animated text captions as their access to emotive information was improved.