De l'interaction homme-machine individuelle aux systèmes multi-utilisateurs. L'exemple de la communication homme-homme médiatisée. (From single-user human-computer interaction to multi-user systems Application to computer-mediated communication systems)

Cette these s'inscrit dans le domaine de l'ingenierie des systemes multi-utilisateurs. Dans notre modele conceptuel, un systeme multi-utilisateur repose sur la combinaison de trois espaces fonctionnels : l'espace de production, l'espace de coordination et l'espace de communication. Ce dernier espace, la communication entre individus, fait l'objet de notre etude et definit la communication homme-homme mediatisee. L'approche adoptee s'articule en trois niveaux : les principes, issus des sciences non-informatiques (psychologie, sociologie, ethique, etc. ), les proprietes issues des principes et destinees a guider la conception et evaluer la realisation, et enfin les techniques de mise en oeuvre informatique. Les principes traduisent les contributions de sciences non-informatiques comme les sciences sociales ou la psychologie cognitive a notre domaine d'etude. L'experimentation psychologique Garden Movie, qui etudie l'influence de la disposition des cameras et de la surface de travail dans une tâche collecticielle, illustre l'utilisation des principes. Les proprietes sont des caracteristiques objectives et verifiables d'un systeme informatique dont le choix est guide par les principes. Nous proposons des proprietes pour les systemes multi-utilisateurs et les systemes de communication homme-homme mediatisee. Les proprietes permettent de guider la conception ainsi que l'etude de l'utilisabilite d'un systeme. Nous presentons la plate-forme d'observation du comportement des utilisateurs et Magicien d'Oz NEIMO pour l'etude experimentale de l'utilisabilite. Nous illustrons son utilisation pour les systemes de communication homme-homme mediatisee avec l'experience Supratel. Les techniques comprennent deux volets : les modeles d'architecture logicielle guident la realisation et les outils permettent la realisation effective. Le choix des techniques est guide par les proprietes que le systeme doit verifier. Nous presentons une grille d'analyse des modeles d'architecture logicielle pour les systemes multi-utilisateurs que nous utilisons pour evaluer les modeles proposes dans la litterature. Constatant qu'aucun n'integre harmonieusement les trois espaces de notre modele conceptuel et l'insuffisance des modeles pour la communication homme-homme mediatisee, nous presentons CoPAC, un modele d'architecture logicielle pour les systemes multi-utilisateurs et la communication mediatisee. Nous illustrons sa mise en oeuvre avec la realisation de notre mediaspace VideoPort. En ce qui concerne les outils, nous decrivons la realisation de la bibliotheque UserLink pour la communication de medias continus. Nous proposons aussi la taxonomie IMPACT pour l'analyse des outils de communication homme-homme mediatisee

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