Uneven Clustering and Data Transmission Strategy for Energy Hole Problem in Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy hole is one of the key problems in wireless sensor networks (WSN). An Uneven Clustering and Data Transmission Strategy (UCDTS) for the energy hole problem in WSN is proposed. Firstly, the algorithm reduces energy consumption by decreasing the iteration number and selects the optimal cluster heads by considering the speed of energy consumption and the distance between nodes and base stations. Secondly, more reasonable uneven clustering algorithm is proposed to reduce the energy consumption during data collection period by considering node density. Thirdly, the concept of discrete degree of dead node is proposed, which can make the dead nodes discretized in data transmission strategy. The simulation results show that, when the maximum cluster radius Rmax = 50m, the factor weight α = 0.4, the adjusting coefficient of cluster radius η = 0.7, the algorithm achieves the optimal performance. Compared with LEACH, LEACH-E, UCRA, and UCS, the proposed algorithm prolongs the network lifetime by 3.6%, 19.6%, 125% and 136% separately. At the same time, it also avoids partly the generation of energy hole.

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