Weighting Factor Estimation Method for Peak Power Reduction Based on Adaptive Flipping of Parity Bits in Turbo-Coded OFDM Systems

In this paper, we propose a weighting factor (WF) estimation method for peak power reduction (PPR) based on adaptive flipping of parity carriers in a turbo-coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system. In this PPR scheme, the peak-to-average power ratio of a turbo-coded OFDM signal is reduced with adaptive flipping of the phase of the parity carriers corresponding to the WFs. At the receiver, the WFs are estimated at a turbo decoder by exploiting the redundancy of an error-correcting code using no extra side information. The proposed WF estimation method is based on an iterative decoding of the turbo code, i.e., the turbo decoder provides not only error correction capability but the WF estimation function as well. When the proposed WF estimation method is used for the system using a turbo code with constraint length K = 4 and a code rate of R = 1/2, the instantaneous power of the OFDM signal at the complementary cumulative distribution function of 10-4 can be reduced by about 2.1 dB through the application of the PPR scheme. When the bit error rate (BER) performance is evaluated as a function of the peak signal-to-noise power ratio (PSNR), the proposed method achieves better BER performance than the case without the PPR in an attenuated 12-path Rayleigh fading condition. The improvements in BER performance as a function of PSNR are about 1.1, 2.0, and 2.1 dB at BER = 10-4 for turbo-coded OFDM signals using QPSK, 16-state quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and 64-state QAM schemes, respectively.

[1]  Tao Jiang,et al.  Exponential companding technique for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems , 2005, IEEE Trans. Broadcast..

[2]  Jianhua Lu,et al.  Companding transform for reduction in peak-to-average power ratio of OFDM signals , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[3]  O. Muta,et al.  A peak power reduction scheme based on reversal of parity-bits for a block-coded OFDM signal , 2004, 2004 IEEE 59th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC 2004-Spring (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37514).

[4]  B. L. Yeap,et al.  Turbo Coding, Turbo Equalisation and Space-Time Coding , 2002 .

[5]  Jianhua Lu,et al.  Piecewise-scales transform for the reduction of PAPR of OFDM signals , 2002, Global Telecommunications Conference, 2002. GLOBECOM '02. IEEE.

[6]  S. Weinstein,et al.  Data Transmission by Frequency-Division Multiplexing Using the Discrete Fourier Transform , 1971 .

[7]  Ramjee Prasad,et al.  OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications , 1999 .

[8]  Michael Faulkner,et al.  Cyclic shifting and time inversion of partial transmit sequences to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio in OFDM , 2000, 11th IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications. PIMRC 2000. Proceedings (Cat. No.00TH8525).

[9]  J. Huber,et al.  OFDM with reduced peak-to-average power ratio by optimum combination of partial transmit sequences , 1997 .

[10]  Nelson Sollenberger,et al.  Peak-to-average power ratio reduction of an OFDM signal using partial transmit sequences , 2000, IEEE Communications Letters.

[11]  Tomoaki Ohtsuki,et al.  Design criteria for phase sequences in selected mapping , 2003, The 57th IEEE Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003. VTC 2003-Spring..

[12]  T. Wilkinson,et al.  Combined coding for error control and increased robustness to system nonlinearities in OFDM , 1996, Proceedings of Vehicular Technology Conference - VTC.

[13]  T. Wilkinson,et al.  Minimisation of the peak to mean envelope power ratio of multicarrier transmission schemes by block coding , 1995, 1995 IEEE 45th Vehicular Technology Conference. Countdown to the Wireless Twenty-First Century.

[14]  Tcw Tim Schenk,et al.  Peak-to-average power reduction in space division multiplexing based OFDM systems through spatial shifting , 2005 .

[15]  Ping Wu,et al.  Peak-to-average power ratio reduction in OFDM based on transformation of partial transmit sequences , 2006 .

[16]  Iwao Sasase,et al.  Performance evaluation of OFDM with the compensation technique of the nonlinear distortion using partial transmit sequence and predistortion , 2001, IEEE 54th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Fall 2001. Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37211).

[17]  Xiaodong Li,et al.  Effects of clipping and filtering on the performance of OFDM , 1998, IEEE Communications Letters.

[18]  C. Tellambura,et al.  Adaptive PTS approach for reduction of peak-to-average power ratio of OFDM signal , 2000 .

[19]  J.A.C. Bingham,et al.  Multicarrier modulation for data transmission: an idea whose time has come , 1990, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[20]  Takeo Fujii.  Adaptative Clipping Level Control for OFDM Peak Power Reduction Using Clipping and Filtering , 2002 .

[21]  Dov Wulich,et al.  Reduction of peak factor in orthogonal multicarrier modulation by amplitude limiting and coding , 1999, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[22]  Nelson Ray Sollenberger,et al.  Beyond 3G: wideband wireless data access based on OFDM and dynamic packet assignment , 2000, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[23]  Simon J. Shepherd,et al.  Asymptotic limits in peak envelope power reduction by redundant coding in orthogonal frequency-division multiplex modulation , 1998, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[24]  Chin-Liang Wang,et al.  A Low-Complexity Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Technique for OFDM Systems Using Guided Scrambling Coding , 2007, 2007 IEEE 65th Vehicular Technology Conference - VTC2007-Spring.

[25]  Ivan J. Fair,et al.  Peak-to-average power ratio reduction of an OFDM signal using guided scrambling coding , 2003, GLOBECOM '03. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37489).

[26]  Masao Nakagawa,et al.  Weighting Factor Estimation Methods for Partial Transmit Sequences OFDM to Reduce Peak Power , 2002 .

[27]  Hideki Ochiai.  Performance analysis of peak power and band-limited OFDM system with linear scaling , 2003, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun..

[28]  Yoshihiko Akaiwa,et al.  An RF-Band Adaptive Predistorter Power Amplifier(Special Issue on Software Defined Radio Technology and Its Applications) , 2002 .

[29]  R. Bäuml,et al.  Reducing the peak-to-average power ratio of multicarrier modulation by selected mapping , 1996 .

[30]  Johannes B. Huber,et al.  SLM peak-power reduction without explicit side information , 2001, IEEE Communications Letters.

[31]  W. Weber,et al.  Differential Encoding for Multiple Amplitude and Phase Shift Keying Systems , 1978, IEEE Trans. Commun..