Biomass derived carbon nanoparticle as anodes for high performance sodium and lithium ion batteries

Abstract In this paper, we report a flame deposition method to prepare carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) from coconut oil. The CNPs were further modified with a piranha solution to obtain surface-carboxylated carbon nanoparticles ( c -CNPs). When used as an anode for sodium-ion batteries, the CNPs and c -CNPs respectively delivered discharge capacities of 277 and 278 mA h g −1 in the second cycle at a current density of 100 mA g −1 . At the 20th cycle, the capacities of CNP and c-CNPs were 217 and 206 mA h g −1 respectively. The results suggest that modification of the CNPs with the piranha solution improved neither the charge storage capacity nor the stability against cycling in a sodium-ion battery. When the CNP and c -CNP were used an anode in a lithium-ion battery, 2nd-cycle discharge capacities of 741 and 742 mA h g −1 respectively at a current density of 100 mA g −1 were obtained. After 20 cycles the capacities of CNP and c -CNP became 464 and 577 mA h g −1 respectively, showing the cycling stability of the CNPs was improved after modification. The excellent cycling performance, high capacity and good rate capability make the present material as highly promising anodes for both sodium-ion and lithium-ion batteries.

[1]  Chong Seung Yoon,et al.  Anatase titania nanorods as an intercalation anode material for rechargeable sodium batteries. , 2014, Nano letters.

[2]  Jun Lu,et al.  Hard carbon originated from polyvinyl chloride nanofibers as high-performance anode material for Na-ion battery. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[3]  Yuyan Shao,et al.  Surface-driven sodium ion energy storage in nanocellular carbon foams. , 2013, Nano letters.

[4]  Joachim Maier,et al.  Lithium Storage in Carbon Nanostructures , 2009, Advanced materials.

[5]  Robin J. White,et al.  Hollow carbon nanospheres with a high rate capability for lithium-based batteries. , 2012, ChemSusChem.

[6]  M. R. Palacín,et al.  Review-Hard Carbon Negative Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries , 2015 .

[7]  Jinpeng Han,et al.  Biomass-derived porous carbon materials with sulfur and nitrogen dual-doping for energy storage , 2015 .

[8]  Yuliang Cao,et al.  Surface-modified graphite as an improved intercalating anode for lithium-ion batteries , 2003 .

[9]  Hui Xiong,et al.  Amorphous TiO2 Nanotube Anode for Rechargeable Sodium Ion Batteries , 2011 .

[10]  R. Narayan,et al.  Controllable synthesis of biosourced blue-green fluorescent carbon dots from camphor for the detection of heavy metal ions in water , 2014 .

[11]  Chandra Shekhar Sharma,et al.  Candle Soot derived Fractal-like Carbon Nanoparticles Network as High-Rate Lithium Ion Battery Anode Material , 2015 .

[12]  W. Steele.  Adsorption at the Gas-Solid and Liquid-Solid Interface. , 1984 .

[13]  R. Narayan,et al.  Graphitic nanoparticles from thermal dissociation of camphor as an effective filler in polymeric coatings , 2014 .

[14]  Yu‐Guo Guo,et al.  Highly Disordered Carbon as a Superior Anode Material for Room‐Temperature Sodium‐Ion Batteries , 2014 .

[15]  Jeng‐Kuei Chang,et al.  Graphene nanosheets, carbon nanotubes, graphite, and activated carbon as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries , 2015 .

[16]  Xiangwu Zhang,et al.  Fabrication of porous carbon nanofibers and their application as anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries , 2009, Nanotechnology.

[17]  Siew Yee Wong,et al.  Bioinspired Synthesis of Hierarchical Porous Graphitic Carbon Spheres with Outstanding High-Rate Performance in Lithium-Ion Batteries , 2015 .

[18]  Tow Chong Chong,et al.  Preparation of carbon nanoparticles with strong optical limiting properties by laser ablation in water , 2004 .

[19]  Jun Liu,et al.  Sodium ion insertion in hollow carbon nanowires for battery applications. , 2012, Nano letters.

[20]  Gurpreet Singh,et al.  MoS2/graphene composite paper for sodium-ion battery electrodes. , 2014, ACS nano.

[21]  Philipp Adelhelm,et al.  Room-temperature sodium-ion batteries: Improving the rate capability of carbon anode materials by templating strategies , 2011 .

[22]  D. Bresser,et al.  Anatase TiO2 nanoparticles for high power sodium-ion anodes , 2014 .

[23]  Yan Zhang,et al.  Carbon Quantum Dots and Their Derivative 3D Porous Carbon Frameworks for Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Ultralong Cycle Life , 2015, Advanced materials.

[24]  Palanichamy Kalyani,et al.  Biomass carbon & its prospects in electrochemical energy systems , 2013 .

[25]  Xiangwu Zhang,et al.  Generation of activated carbon nanofibers from electrospun polyacrylonitrile-zinc chloride composites for use as anodes in lithium-ion batteries , 2009 .

[26]  E. Yoo,et al.  Large reversible Li storage of graphene nanosheet families for use in rechargeable lithium ion batteries. , 2008, Nano letters.

[27]  Weifeng Fan,et al.  Effects of functional groups of graphene oxide on the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries , 2015 .

[28]  J. Owen,et al.  Performance of nanocrystalline Ni3N as a negative electrode for sodium-ion batteries , 2013 .

[29]  Yair Ein-Eli,et al.  Chemical Oxidation: A Route to Enhanced Capacity in Li‐Ion Graphite Anodes , 1997 .

[30]  E. Peled,et al.  Improved Graphite Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries Chemically Bonded Solid Electrolyte Interface and Nanochannel Formation , 1996 .

[31]  Huanlei Wang,et al.  Biomass derived hierarchical porous carbons as high-performance anodes for sodium-ion batteries , 2016 .

[32]  Kazuma Gotoh,et al.  Electrochemical Na Insertion and Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Hard‐Carbon Electrodes and Application to Na‐Ion Batteries , 2011 .

[33]  Huanlei Wang,et al.  Nanocrystalline anatase TiO2: a new anode material for rechargeable sodium ion batteries. , 2013, Chemical communications.

[34]  D. K. Kim,et al.  A high capacity MnFe2O4/rGO nanocomposite for Li and Na-ion battery applications , 2015 .

[35]  L. Dai,et al.  Polyaniline-grafted reduced graphene oxide for efficient electrochemical supercapacitors. , 2012, ACS nano.

[36]  Yan Yu,et al.  Nitrogen doped porous carbon fibres as anode materials for sodium ion batteries with excellent rate performance. , 2014, Nanoscale.

[37]  Yeqian Ge,et al.  Nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers derived from polyacrylonitrile for use as anode material in sodium-ion batteries , 2015 .

[38]  Jia Ding,et al.  High-density sodium and lithium ion battery anodes from banana peels. , 2014, ACS nano.

[39]  Madan Dubey,et al.  Direct synthesis of lithium-intercalated graphene for electrochemical energy storage application. , 2011, ACS nano.

[40]  Nanjundan Ashok Kumar,et al.  Doped graphene supercapacitors , 2015, Nanotechnology.

[41]  Pedro Lavela,et al.  NiCo2O4 Spinel: First Report on a Transition Metal Oxide for the Negative Electrode of Sodium-Ion Batteries , 2002 .

[42]  Yunhui Huang,et al.  Effects of binders on electrochemical performance of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube anode in sodium-ion battery , 2015 .

[43]  William B. White,et al.  Characterization of diamond films by Raman spectroscopy , 1989 .

[44]  Kirk J. Ziegler,et al.  Controlled oxidative cutting of single-walled carbon nanotubes. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[45]  Ting Lu,et al.  Fast synthesis of carbon microspheres via a microwave-assisted reaction for sodium ion batteries , 2014 .

[46]  Feng Wu,et al.  Naturally derived nanostructured materials from biomass for rechargeable lithium/sodium batteries , 2015 .

[47]  Eklund,et al.  Solution properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes , 1998, Science.

[48]  Haihui Wang,et al.  Novel nitrogen-rich porous carbon spheres as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries , 2014 .

[49]  F. Wei,et al.  Nanographene-constructed carbon nanofibers grown on graphene sheets by chemical vapor deposition: high-performance anode materials for lithium ion batteries. , 2011, ACS nano.

[50]  Y. Mai,et al.  In situ formation of hollow graphitic carbon nanospheres in electrospun amorphous carbon nanofibers for high-performance Li-based batteries. , 2012, Nanoscale.

[51]  D. Stevens,et al.  The Mechanisms of Lithium and Sodium Insertion in Carbon Materials , 2001 .

[52]  Tao Qian,et al.  A Sustainable Route from Biomass Byproduct Okara to High Content Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Sheets for Efficient Sodium Ion Batteries , 2015, Advanced materials.