Growth Hormone Induces Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Bone‐Related Proteins in the Developing Rat Periodontium

The hypothesis that growth hormone (GH) up‐regulates the expression of enzymes, matrix proteins, and differentiation markers involved in mineralization of tooth and bone matrices was tested by the treatment of Lewis dwarf rats with GH over 5 days. The molar teeth and associated alveolar bone were processed for immunohistochemical demonstration of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP‐2 and ‐4), bone morphogenetic protein type IA receptor (BMPR‐IA), bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OPN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and E11 protein (E11). The cementoblasts, osteoblasts, and periodontal ligament (PDL) cells responded to GH by expressing BMP‐2 and ‐4, BMPR‐IA, ALP, OC, and OPN and increasing the numbers of these cells. No changes were found in patterns of expression of the late differentiation markers BSP and E11 in response to GH. Thus, GH evokes expression of bone markers of early differentiation in cementoblasts, PDL cells, and osteoblasts of the periodontium. We propose that the induction of BMP‐2 and ‐4 and their receptor by GH compliments the role of GH‐induced insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) in promoting bone and tooth root formation.

[1]  F. Hughes,et al.  Effects of occlusal loading on ankylosis, bone, and cementum formation during bone morphogenetic protein-2-stimulated periodontal regeneration in vivo. , 1999, Journal of periodontology.

[2]  M. Kasper,et al.  Immunohistochemical investigations on the differentiation marker protein E11 in rat calvaria, calvaria cell culture and the osteoblastic cell line ROS 17/2.8 , 1999, Histochemistry and Cell Biology.

[3]  R. Franceschi,et al.  The developmental control of osteoblast-specific gene expression: role of specific transcription factors and the extracellular matrix environment. , 1999, Critical reviews in oral biology and medicine : an official publication of the American Association of Oral Biologists.

[4]  William A. Pierce,et al.  Effect of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 on Fracture Healing in a Goat Tibial Fracture Model , 1998, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[5]  M. Waters,et al.  Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I induce bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4: a mediator role in bone and tooth formation? , 1998, Endocrinology.

[6]  C. Ohlsson,et al.  Growth hormone and bone. , 1998, Endocrine reviews.

[7]  M. McKee,et al.  Developmental appearance and distribution of bone sialoprotein and osteopontin in human and rat cementum , 1998, The Anatomical record.

[8]  J. Wozney,et al.  Expression patterns of bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmps) in the developing mouse tooth suggest roles in morphogenesis and cell differentiation , 1997, Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists.

[9]  A I Caplan,et al.  Stimulatory Effects of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 on Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Bone Marrow‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells , 1997, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[10]  S. Bruder,et al.  Monoclonal antibodies reactive with human osteogenic cell surface antigens. , 1997, Bone.

[11]  J. Wozney,et al.  Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Promotes Wound Healing in Rat Periodontal Fenestration Defects , 1997, Journal of dental research.

[12]  S. Mundlos,et al.  Cbfa1, a Candidate Gene for Cleidocranial Dysplasia Syndrome, Is Essential for Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Development , 1997, Cell.

[13]  R. W. Padgett,et al.  Genetic and biochemical analysis of TGFβ signal transduction , 1997 .

[14]  R. Midura,et al.  Bone sialoprotein--a mucin in disguise? , 1996, Glycobiology.

[15]  N. Ueno,et al.  Cloning of rat type I receptor cDNA for bone morphogenetic protein‐2 and bone morphogenetic protein‐4, and the localization compared with that of the ligands , 1996, Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists.

[16]  B. Lanske,et al.  Characterization and cloning of the E11 antigen, a marker expressed by rat osteoblasts and osteocytes. , 1996, Bone.

[17]  C. McCulloch,et al.  Osteopontin and bone sialoprotein expression in regenerating rat periodontal ligament and alveolar bone , 1996, The Anatomical record.

[18]  K. Miyazono,et al.  Enhanced expression of type I receptors for bone morphogenetic proteins during bone formation , 1995, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[19]  R. Turner,et al.  Intermittent parathyroid hormone treatment increases osteoblast number, steady state messenger ribonucleic acid levels for osteocalcin, and bone formation in tibial metaphysis of hypophysectomized female rats. , 1995, Endocrinology.

[20]  M. Waters,et al.  Effect of Growth Hormone on the Distribution of Decorin and Biglycan during Odontogenesis in the Rat Incisor , 1995, Journal of dental research.

[21]  V. Everts,et al.  Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in the Periodontal Ligament and Gingiva of the Rat Molar: Its Relation to Cementum Formation , 1995, Journal of dental research.

[22]  K. Miyazono,et al.  Distinct spatial and temporal expression patterns of two type I receptors for bone morphogenetic proteins during mouse embryogenesis. , 1995, Endocrinology.

[23]  M. Waters,et al.  Ultrastructure of cementogenesis as affected by growth hormone in the molar periodontium of the hypophysectomized rat. , 1994, Journal of periodontal research.

[24]  A. Bronckers,et al.  Immunolocalization of osteopontin, osteocalcin, and dentin sialoprotein during dental root formation and early cementogenesis in the rat , 1994, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[25]  M. Waters,et al.  Growth hormone regulates an N-acetylgalactosamine component in odontogenesis: a specific lectin-binding study in the Lewis dwarf rat. , 1994, Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology.

[26]  F. Hughes,et al.  Immunocytochemical investigation of the rat cementoblast phenotype. , 1993, Journal of periodontal research.

[27]  I. Thesleff,et al.  Identification of BMP-4 as a signal mediating secondary induction between epithelial and mesenchymal tissues during early tooth development , 1993, Cell.

[28]  C. Sernia,et al.  Stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system by growth hormone in Lewis dwarf rats. , 1993, The American journal of physiology.

[29]  C. McCulloch,et al.  Bone sialoprotein in developing porcine dental tissues: cellular expression and comparison of tissue localization with osteopontin and osteonectin. , 1993, Archives of oral biology.

[30]  M. Waters,et al.  Expression and regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I in the rat incisor. , 1993, Growth factors.

[31]  R. Taylor,et al.  Osteoblast-specific expression of growth hormone stimulates bone growth in transgenic mice , 1992, Molecular and cellular biology.

[32]  S. Mohan,et al.  Growth hormone stimulates cortical bone formation in immature hypophysectomized rats. , 1992, Endocrine research.

[33]  M. Sandberg.  Matrix in cartilage and bone development: current views on the function and regulation of major organic components. , 1991, Annals of medicine.

[34]  T. Martin,et al.  Growth hormone (GH) receptors in clonal osteoblast-like cells mediate a mitogenic response to GH. , 1991, Endocrinology.

[35]  J. Kosowicz,et al.  Abnormalities of tooth development in pituitary dwarfism. , 1977, Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology.