Seizing the Opportunity to Create Uncertainty in Learning Mathematics

The paper is a reflective account of the design and implementation of mathematical tasks that evoke uncertainty for the learner. Three types of uncertainty associated with mathematical tasks are discussed and illustrated: competing claims, unknown path or questionable conclusion, and non-readily verifiable outcomes. One task is presented in depth, pointing to the dynamic nature of task design, and the added value stimulated by the uncertainty component entailed in the task in terms of mathematical and pedagogical musing.

[1]  Barbara Jaworski,et al.  Investigating Mathematics Teaching: A Constructivist Enquiry , 1994 .

[2]  Thomas J. Cooney Considering the Paradoxes, Perils, and Purposes of Conceptualizing Teacher Development , 2001 .

[3]  Orit Zaslavsky,et al.  Open-Ended Tasks as a Trigger for Mathematics Teachers' Professional Development. , 1995 .

[4]  Orit Zaslavsky,et al.  Counter-Examples That (Only) Prove and Counter-Examples That (Also) Explain. , 1997 .

[5]  E. Fischbein,et al.  Schemata and Intuitions in Combinatorial Reasoning , 1997 .

[6]  Orit Zaslavsky,et al.  Students' Verification Strategies for Combinatorial Problems , 2004 .

[7]  L. Festinger,et al.  A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance , 2017 .

[8]  J. Dewey How we think : a restatement of the relation of reflective thinking to the educative process , 1934 .

[9]  K. Krainer Powerful tasks: A contribution to a high level of acting and reflecting in mathematics instruction , 1993 .

[10]  A. Sierpińska Research in Mathematics Education through a Keyhole: Task Problematization. , 2004 .

[11]  D. Tirosh,et al.  Cognitive Conflict and Intuitive Rules. , 1998 .

[12]  P. Cobb,et al.  Discourse, mathematical thinking, and classroom practice. , 1993 .

[13]  Hung-hsi Wu Professional Development of Mathematics Teachers. , 1999 .

[14]  Uri Leron,et al.  Being sloppy about slope: The effect of changing the scale , 2002 .

[15]  Gaea Leinhardt,et al.  Functions, Graphs, and Graphing: Tasks, Learning, and Teaching , 1990 .

[16]  Leone Burton,et al.  Mathematical Thinking: The Struggle for Meaning. , 1984 .

[17]  D. Tall Inconsistencies in the Learning of Calculus and Analysis , 1990 .

[18]  Interweaving the training of mathematics teacher-educators and the professional development of mathematics teachers , 1999 .

[19]  R. Courant,et al.  What Is Mathematics , 1943 .

[20]  R. Leikin,et al.  Professional Development of Mathematics Teacher Educators: Growth Through Practice , 2004 .

[21]  G. Goldin A Scientific Perspective on Structured, Task-Based Interviews in Mathematics Education Research , 2000 .

[22]  To Define Or Not To Define: The Case Of (-8)1/3 , 1997 .

[23]  M. Stein,et al.  Mathematical Tasks and Student Cognition: Classroom-Based Factors That Support and Inhibit High-Level Mathematical Thinking and Reasoning. , 1997 .

[24]  Gila Hanna,et al.  Proof, Explanation and Exploration: An Overview , 2000 .

[25]  E. Fischbein,et al.  Intuition in science and mathematics , 1987 .

[26]  Judy Mousley,et al.  Thinking teaching: seeing mathematics teachers as active decision makers , 2001 .

[27]  D. Schoen Educating the reflective practitioner , 1987 .