Mind-Body-Verfahren in der Rheumatologie

Zusammenfassung Die Mind-Body-Medizin zielt darauf ab, gesundheitsförderliche Potenziale, die jedem Menschen innewohnen, zu stärken, und den Menschen zu unterstützen, einen gesundheitsförderlichen Lebensstil zu entwickeln. Eines der Hauptgebiete der Mind-Body- Medizin ist dabei die Stärkung der Stress resistenz. Dazu werden geistigseelische Verfahren, z. B. Meditation, aber auch körpe rbetonte Verfahren wie Yoga, Tai-Chi und Qigong eingesetzt. In dem vorliegenden Artikel soll dabei insbesondere auf den Einsatz in der Orthopädie und Rheumatologie eingegangen werden. Dazu wurde die vorliegende Evidenz aufgearbeitet und die folgenden Empfehlungen erarbeitet. Achtsamkeitsbasierte Verfahren wie die Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction eignen sich dabei vor allem für Patienten, die neben chronischen Schmerzen auch ko-morbid unter psychosozialen Beeinträchtigungen leiden (z. B. Depressionen), oder die eine zusätzliche Unterstützung im Bereich von Schmerzakzeptanz und Coping benötigen. Yoga, Tai-Chi und Qigong sind insbesondere für chronische Nacken- und Rückenschmerzen sehr gut untersucht und können dort ohne Einschränkung empfohlen werden. Anhand der bisherigen Studien kann auch angenommen werden, dass sich diese Verfahren zur komplementären Behandlung der Fibromyalgie, Gonarthrose und rheumatoiden Arthritis eignen, jedoch bedarf es noch weiterer Studien, um eine endgültige Einschätzung vornehmen zu können. Nicht zuletzt haben sich die Verfahren in der Regel als sicher herausgestellt, und bei entsprechender Qualifizierung der Therapeuten kann ein positiver Nutzen erwartet werden.

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