Genetic relationships and origin of commercial clones of Nangouhi, a vegetatively propagated cultivar of hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)

Nangouhi, a vegetatively propagated cultivar of hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), includes several vegetatively propagated clones with commercial uses. The genetic diversity, relationships, and origin of Nangouhi were evaluated using ten highly polymorphic microsatellite markers and compared with those of natural hinoki populations. In terms of their genetics, Nangouhi clones appeared to be more closely related to each other than to natural populations. Parentage analysis indicated that clone N14, which is commonly found in the grounds of old shrines and temples, is a parent of 11 of the other clones, of which N6 and N13 had genotypes identical to N14 at eight and seven loci, respectively. These clones could have been produced by crossing N14 and genetically related individuals. Assignment tests were used to determine the genetic origin of Nangouhi clones using 25 natural hinoki populations as a reference. The possible sources of most of the clones were the Hikosan population in Kyushu and the Besshiyama population in Shikoku; however, several clones could not be assigned to any natural population. Crosses between Nangouhi and genetically unrelated plus tree clones and recurrent selection from the possible source populations are recommended for future breeding of Nangouhi.

[1]  S. Ueno,et al.  Tracing the origins of stocks of the endangered species Primula sieboldii using nuclear microsatellites and chloroplast DNA , 2008, Conservation Genetics.

[2]  H. Iwata,et al.  Genetic diversity and the genetic structure of natural populations of Chamaecyparis obtusa: implications for management and conservation , 2007, Heredity.

[3]  N. Tomaru,et al.  Development and polymorphisms of microsatellite markers for hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) , 2006 .

[4]  N. J. Ouborg,et al.  Regional gene flow and population structure of the wind‐dispersed plant species Hypochaeris radicata (Asteraceae) in an agricultural landscape , 2006, Molecular ecology.

[5]  Qixiang Zhang,et al.  Genetic Relationship of Ornamental Peach Determined Using AFLP , 2005 .

[6]  Stephanie Manel,et al.  Assignment methods: matching biological questions with appropriate techniques. , 2005, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[7]  S. Vilanova,et al.  Genetic diversity of loquat germplasm (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb) Lindl) assessed by SSR markers. , 2005, Genome.

[8]  J. Cornuet,et al.  GENECLASS2: a software for genetic assignment and first-generation migrant detection. , 2004, The Journal of heredity.

[9]  Y. Tsumura,et al.  Variation of paternal contribution in a seed orchard of Cryptomeria japonica determined using microsatellite markers , 2004 .

[10]  Arnaud Estoup,et al.  Genetic assignment methods for the direct, real‐time estimation of migration rate: a simulation‐based exploration of accuracy and power , 2004, Molecular ecology.

[11]  Michael S. Blouin,et al.  DNA-based methods for pedigree reconstruction and kinship analysis in natural populations , 2003 .

[12]  R. Tenreiro,et al.  Genetic relatedness of Portuguese almond cultivars assessed by RAPD and ISSR markers , 2003, Plant Cell Reports.

[13]  Tateki Hayashi,et al.  Parentage Analysis in Japanese Peaches using SSR Markers. , 2003 .

[14]  M. Rahman,et al.  Microsatellite DNA and RAPD fingerprinting, identification and genetic relationships of hybrid poplar (Populus x canadensis) cultivars , 2003, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[15]  A. Wünsch,et al.  Cultivar identification and genetic fingerprinting of temperate fruit tree species using DNA markers , 2002, Euphytica.

[16]  Jinliang Wang,et al.  An estimator for pairwise relatedness using molecular markers. , 2002, Genetics.

[17]  H. Iwata,et al.  Highly polymorphic microsatellite markers in Chamaecyparis obtusa , 2001 .

[18]  R. Testolin,et al.  Microsatellite DNA in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) and its use in fingerprinting and testing the genetic origin of cultivars. , 2000, Genome.

[19]  I. Pejić,et al.  Microsatellite variability in grapevine cultivars from different European regions and evaluation of assignment testing to assess the geographic origin of cultivars , 2000, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[20]  Bowers,et al.  Historical Genetics: The Parentage of Chardonnay, Gamay, and Other Wine Grapes of Northeastern France. , 1999, Science.

[21]  F. Regner,et al.  Reconstruction of a grapevine pedigree by microsatellite analysis , 1998, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[22]  R. Petit,et al.  High level of genetic differentiation for allelic richness among populations of the argan tree [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels] endemic to Morocco , 1996, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[23]  O. Savolainen,et al.  Inbreeding Depression in Conifers: Implications for Breeding Strategy , 1996, Forest Science.

[24]  Y. Tsumura,et al.  Analysis of Clones of Nango-hi, a Vegetatively Propagated Cultivar of Chamaecyparis obtusa ENDL. Based on Isozyme Genotypes , 1993 .

[25]  J. Goudet.  FSTAT, a program to estimate and test gene diversities and fixation indices (version 2.9.3). Updated from Goudet (1995) , 2001 .

[26]  J. Miyajima,et al.  Clone constitution of Nango-hi (a cutting cultivar of Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl.) using RAPD markers. , 2000 .

[27]  内田 健二,et al.  Analysis of Clones of Nango-hi, a Vegetatively Propagated Cultivar of Chamaecyparis obtusa ENDL. Based on Isozyme Genotypes. , 1993 .

[28]  B. Zobel,et al.  Applied Forest Tree Improvement , 1984 .