Editorial Judgment in an Age of Data: How Audience Analytics and Metrics are Influencing the Placement of News Products

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. May 2015. Major: Mass Communication. Advisors: Seth Lewis, Marco Yzer. 1 computer file (PDF); viii, 195 pages.

[1]  Mike Conway,et al.  The Subjective Precision of Computers: A Methodological Comparison with Human Coding in Content Analysis , 2006 .

[2]  Michael Karlsson,et al.  The immediacy of online news, the visibility of journalistic processes and a restructuring of journalistic authority , 2011 .

[3]  Joseph Turow,et al.  Audience Construction and Culture Production: Marketing Surveillance in the Digital Age , 2005 .

[4]  Young Min Baek,et al.  Automating Content Analysis of Open-Ended Responses: Wordscores and Affective Intonation , 2011, Communication methods and measures.

[5]  Charles C. Snow,et al.  A configurational approach to the integration of strategy and organization research , 2005 .

[6]  Axel Bruns,et al.  Faster than the speed of print: Reconciling 'big data' social media analysis and academic scholarship , 2013, First Monday.

[7]  Hallvard Moe,et al.  PUBLIC SERVICE NEWS ON THE WEB , 2012 .

[8]  Paul M. Leonardi,et al.  Crossing the Implementation Line: The Mutual Constitution of Technology and Organizing Across Development and Use Activities , 2009 .

[9]  J. Merrill,et al.  Basic Issues in Mass Communication: A Debate , 1984 .

[10]  Axel Bruns,et al.  Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and Beyond: From Production to Produsage , 2008 .

[11]  M. Porter,et al.  HOW MUCH DOES INDUSTRY MATTER , REALLY ? , 1997 .

[12]  Hyunjin Seo,et al.  Readers as gatekeepers of online news: Brazil, China, and the United States , 2010 .

[13]  Edson C. Tandoc Journalism is twerking? How web analytics is changing the process of gatekeeping , 2014, New Media Soc..

[14]  Jane B. Singer,et al.  ONLINE JOURNALISTS: Foundations for Research into Their Changing Roles , 2006, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[15]  Seth C. Lewis,et al.  Content Analysis and the Algorithmic Coder , 2015 .

[16]  Randal A. Beam,et al.  The American Journalist in the 21st Century : U.S. News People at the Dawn of a New Millennium , 2009 .

[17]  Mark Andrejevic,et al.  Infoglut: How Too Much Information Is Changing the Way We Think and Know , 2013 .

[18]  William T Riley,et al.  From Big Data to Knowledge in the Social Sciences , 2015, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.

[19]  Sheetal D. Agarwal,et al.  The friendly barbarians: Professional norms and work routines of online journalists in the United States , 2015 .

[20]  M. Deuze What is journalism? , 2005 .

[21]  Wilson Lowrey INSTITUTIONALISM, NEWS ORGANIZATIONS AND INNOVATION , 2011 .

[22]  K. Foot,et al.  Media Technologies: Essays on Communication, Materiality, and Society , 2014 .

[23]  George R. Franke,et al.  Structural Equation Modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows , 1995 .

[24]  John Mcmanus Market-Driven Journalism: Let the Citizen Beware? , 1994 .

[25]  Justin Grimmer,et al.  Text as Data: The Promise and Pitfalls of Automatic Content Analysis Methods for Political Texts , 2013, Political Analysis.

[26]  N. Usher Going Web-First at the Christian Science Monitor: A Three Part Study of Change , 2012 .

[27]  Elisia L. Cohen,et al.  Online Journalism as Market-Driven Journalism , 2002 .

[28]  Yochai Benkler,et al.  The wealth of networks: how social production transforms markets and freedom , 2006 .

[29]  Ithiel de Sola Pool,et al.  Newsmen's Fantasies, Audiences, and Newswriting , 1959 .

[30]  Elena Raviola,et al.  Integration of News and News of Integration: A Structural Perspective on News Media Changes , 2009 .

[31]  Clifford G. Christians The common good and universal values , 2013 .

[32]  Philip Schlesinger Putting Reality Together: Bbc News , 1987 .

[33]  Hallvard Moe,et al.  Continuity and Change in Public Service News Online , 2016 .

[35]  J. Carey Communication as culture: Essays on media and society , 1989 .

[36]  M. Schudson The objectivity norm in American journalism* , 2001 .

[37]  W. P. Barnett,et al.  An Evolutionary Model of Organizational Performance , 1994 .

[38]  Jeongsub Lim,et al.  Convergence of Attention and Prominence Dimensions of Salience among Major Online Newspapers , 2010, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[39]  Helle Sjøvaag,et al.  Web media and the quantitative content analysis: Methodological challenges in measuring online news content , 2012 .

[40]  Michael Karlsson,et al.  Freezing the Flow of Online News : Exploring Approaches to Study the Liquidity of Online News , 2009 .

[41]  R. Grant,et al.  Environments: Organizational Capability as Knowledge Integration , 2022 .

[42]  P. Golding,et al.  Making the News , 1980 .

[43]  An Nguyen Online news audiences: the challenges of web metrics , 2013 .

[44]  W. Lance Bennett,et al.  Response to Ellen Mickiewicz's review of When the Press Fails: Political Power and the News Media from Iraq to Katrina , 2007, Perspectives on Politics.

[45]  M. Browne,et al.  Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit , 1992 .

[46]  S. Fengler,et al.  Journalists and the information-attention markets , 2008 .

[47]  T. Pinch,et al.  The Social Construction of Facts and Artefacts: or How the Sociology of Science and the Sociology of Technology might Benefit Each Other , 1984 .

[48]  D. Shaw,et al.  Agenda setting function of mass media , 1972 .

[49]  Elena Raviola,et al.  Business Perspectives on Work in News Organizations , 2009 .

[50]  Walter Gieber,et al.  Across the Desk: A Study of 16 Telegraph Editors , 1956 .

[51]  Jo Rhodes,et al.  Factors influencing organizational knowledge transfer: implication for corporate performance , 2008, J. Knowl. Manag..

[52]  John Kelly,et al.  Mapping the Arabic blogosphere: politics and dissent online , 2010, New Media Soc..

[53]  Tom Nicholls,et al.  The Life and Death of Political News , 2014 .

[54]  Kate M. Miltner,et al.  Critiquing Big Data: Politics, Ethics, Epistemology , 2014 .

[55]  Michael Karlsson,et al.  Charting the liquidity of online news , 2012 .

[56]  Tamara Witschge,et al.  Journalism : A profession under pressure? , 2009 .

[57]  Mark Coddington The wall becomes a curtain : Revisiting journalism’s news–business boundary , 2015 .

[58]  B. Westley,et al.  A conceptual model for communications research , 1955 .

[59]  Barbara M. Byrne,et al.  Structural equation modeling with AMOS , 2010 .

[60]  Edson C. Tandoc Why Web Analytics Click , 2015 .

[61]  Mark Tremayne,et al.  From Product to Service: The Diffusion of Dynamic Content in Online Newspapers , 2007 .

[62]  Mark R. Levy,et al.  `Interactive' Online Journalism at English-Language Web Newspapers in Asia , 1999 .

[63]  Pablo J. Boczkowski,et al.  The News Gap: When the Information Preferences of the Media and the Public Diverge , 2013 .

[64]  Avinash Kaushik,et al.  Web Analytics 2.0: The Art of Online Accountability and Science of Customer Centricity , 2009 .

[65]  M. Schudson,et al.  The Power of News , 1995 .

[66]  Alfred Hermida,et al.  Content Analysis in an Era of Big Data: A Hybrid Approach to Computational and Manual Methods , 2013 .

[67]  Craig M. Allen News Directors and Consultants: RTNDA's Endorsement of TV Journalism's “Greatest Tool” , 2007 .

[68]  John V. Pavlik,et al.  Journalism and new media , 2001 .

[69]  Patrick Lee Plaisance,et al.  The Mass Media as Discursive Network: Building on the Implications of Libertarian and Communitarian Claims for News Media Ethics Theory , 2005 .

[70]  H. Gans Deciding What's News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek and Time , 1979 .

[71]  Zvi Reich The Impact of Technology on News Reporting , 2013 .

[72]  Axel Bruns,et al.  Gatewatching: Collaborative Online News Production , 2005 .

[73]  Randal A. Beam Content Differences between Daily Newspapers with Strong and Weak Market Orientations , 2003 .

[74]  Edson C. Tandoc,et al.  The Ethics of Web Analytics , 2015 .

[75]  Alfred Hermida,et al.  Sourcing the Arab Spring: A Case Study of Andy Carvin's Sources on Twitter During the Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions , 2014, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[76]  Wilson Lowrey,et al.  Mapping the journalism–blogging relationship , 2006 .

[77]  P. Bentler,et al.  Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis : Conventional criteria versus new alternatives , 1999 .

[78]  Mark Andrejevic,et al.  iSpy: Surveillance and Power in the Interactive Era , 2007 .

[79]  L. Ungar,et al.  Data-Driven Content Analysis of Social Media , 2015 .

[80]  D. Croteau,et al.  The business of media : corporate media and the public interest , 2001 .

[81]  Kalev Leetaru,et al.  Data Mining Methods for the Content Analyst: An Introduction to the Computational Analysis of Content , 2011 .

[82]  Pablo J. Boczkowski,et al.  How Users Take Advantage of Different Forms of Interactivity on Online News Sites: Clicking, E-Mailing, and Commenting. , 2012 .

[83]  Pablo J. Boczkowski,et al.  Between tradition and change , 2009 .

[84]  S. Gant We're All Journalists Now: The Transformation of the Press and Reshaping of the Law in the Internet Age , 2007 .

[85]  Jane B. Singer,et al.  Stepping Back from the Gate: Online Newspaper Editors and the Co-Production of Content in Campaign 2004 , 2006 .

[86]  Murray Dick,et al.  Interactive Infographics and News Values , 2014 .

[87]  Mark Deuze,et al.  Understanding the impact of the Internet: On new media professionalism, mindsets and buzzwords. , 2001 .

[88]  Emily Thorson,et al.  CHANGING PATTERNS OF NEWS CONSUMPTION AND PARTICIPATION , 2008 .

[89]  P. Boczkowski News at Work: Imitation in an Age of Information Abundance , 2010 .

[90]  F. Kreuter,et al.  Social Desirability Bias in CATI, IVR, and Web Surveys The Effects of Mode and Question Sensitivity , 2008 .

[91]  Akiba A. Cohen,et al.  What prompts users to click and comment: A longitudinal study of online news , 2015 .

[92]  Wayne Wanta,et al.  The Public and the National Agenda: How People Learn about Important Issues , 1997 .

[93]  A. Tsui,et al.  Configurational Approaches to Organizational Analysis , 1993 .

[94]  D. White The “Gate Keeper”: A Case Study in the Selection of News , 1950 .

[95]  P. Berger,et al.  The Social Construction of Reality , 1966 .

[96]  Jane B. Singer,et al.  Still Guarding the Gate? , 1997 .

[97]  K. Barnhurst The Problem of Modern Time in American Journalism 1 , 2011 .

[98]  Marc Edge Newsonomics: Twelve Trends That Will Shape the News You Get , 2011 .

[99]  J. Birkinshaw,et al.  Organizational Ambidexterity: Antecedents, Outcomes, and Moderators , 2008 .

[100]  D. Cox Regression Models and Life-Tables , 1972 .

[101]  E. Thorson,et al.  The Bricks That Build the Clicks: Newsroom Investments and Newspaper Online Performance , 2011 .

[102]  Jimmy J. Lin On Building Better Mousetraps and Understanding the Human Condition , 2015 .

[103]  Wilson Lowrey,et al.  The News Organization in Uncertain Times: Business or Institution? , 2010 .

[104]  Gaye Tuchman Making News: A Study in the Construction of Reality , 1978 .

[105]  M. Tushman,et al.  Organizational Evolution: A Metamorphosis Model of Convergence and Reorientation , 1985 .

[106]  Chris Anderson,et al.  The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business is Selling Less of More , 2006 .

[107]  R. Gill,et al.  Cox's regression model for counting processes: a large sample study : (preprint) , 1982 .

[108]  Doug Underwood,et al.  When MBAs rule the newsroom : how the marketers and managers are reshaping today's media , 1993 .

[109]  J. Soloski Collapse of the US newspaper industry: Goodwill, leverage and bankruptcy , 2013 .

[110]  C. Anderson Between creative and quantified audiences: Web metrics and changing patterns of newswork in local US newsrooms , 2011 .

[111]  A. Kirilenko,et al.  Climate change discourse in mass media: application of computer-assisted content analysis , 2012, Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences.

[112]  P. Boczkowski The Processes of Adopting Multimedia and Interactivity in Three Online Newsrooms , 2004 .

[113]  W. Schramm,et al.  Four Theories of the Press: The Authoritarian, Libertarian, Social Responsibility, and Soviet Communist Concepts of What the Press Should Be and Do , 1963 .

[114]  Donald A. Schön,et al.  The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. , 1987 .

[115]  W. Breed Newspaper ‘Opinion Leaders’ and Processes of Standardization , 1955 .

[116]  D. Karpf SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH METHODS IN INTERNET TIME , 2012 .

[117]  D. Schoen,et al.  The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action , 1985 .

[118]  D. Croteau The Growth of Self-Produced Media Content and the Challenge to Media Studies , 2006 .

[119]  Paul B. Snider “Mr. Gates” Revisited: A 1966 Version of the 1949 Case Study , 1967 .

[120]  H. Martin Measuring Newspaper Profits: Developing a Standard of Comparison , 1998 .

[121]  Henry Jenkins Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide , 2006 .

[122]  S. Lewis THE TENSION BETWEEN PROFESSIONAL CONTROL AND OPEN PARTICIPATION , 2012 .

[123]  Bienvenido León,et al.  Journalists at digital television newsrooms in Britain and Spain: workflow and multi‐skilling in a competitive environment , 2004 .

[124]  B. Nooteboom Learning and Innovation in Organizations and Economies , 2000 .

[125]  M. Schudson The sociology of news , 2003 .

[126]  Ernesto M. Reza,et al.  Organizational Integration and Process Innovation , 1992 .

[127]  Pablo J. Boczkowski,et al.  The Choice Gap: The Divergent Online News Preferences of Journalists and Consumers , 2011 .

[128]  Phil M. MacGregor,et al.  TRACKING THE ONLINE AUDIENCE , 2007 .

[129]  Pablo J. Boczkowski,et al.  Digitizing the News: Innovation in Online Newspapers , 2004 .

[130]  Randal A. Beam Does It Pay to Be a Market-Oriented Daily Newspaper? , 2001 .

[131]  Pamela J. Shoemaker,et al.  Deviant Acts, Risky Business and U.S. Interests: The Newsworthiness of World Events , 1991 .

[132]  Jessica Vitak,et al.  Digital footprints: online identity management and search in the age of transparency , 2007 .

[133]  N. Couldry,et al.  Big Data, Big Questions| Advertising, Big Data and the Clearance of the Public Realm: Marketers' New Approaches to the Content Subsidy , 2014 .

[134]  K. Sanders,et al.  Solidarity through networks: The effects of task and informal interdependence on cooperation within teams , 2007 .

[135]  Justin Grimmer,et al.  A Bayesian Hierarchical Topic Model for Political Texts: Measuring Expressed Agendas in Senate Press Releases , 2010, Political Analysis.

[136]  Dhavan V. Shah,et al.  Big Data, Digital Media, and Computational Social Science , 2015 .

[137]  Howard Tumber DEMOCRACY IN THE INFORMATION AGE: THE ROLE OF THE FOURTH ESTATE IN CYBERSPACE , 2001 .

[138]  C. W. Anderson Rebuilding the News: Metropolitan Journalism in the Digital Age , 2013 .

[139]  K. Lewin Frontiers in Group Dynamics , 1947 .

[140]  B. Attaway-Fink Market‐driven journalism: Creating special sections to meet reader interests , 2005 .

[141]  Robert Faris,et al.  Mapping the Arabic Blogosphere , 2014 .

[142]  Martin Walter,et al.  Convergence Across Divergence: Understanding the Gap in the Online News Choices of Journalists and Consumers in Western Europe and Latin America , 2011, Commun. Res..

[143]  John T. McNelly Intermediary Communicators in the International Flow of News , 1959 .

[144]  Klaus Krippendorff,et al.  Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology , 1980 .

[145]  M. Deuze The Changing Context of News Work: Liquid Journalism for a Monitorial Citizenry , 2008 .

[146]  Alexander E. Ellinger,et al.  Demand and supply integration: a conceptual framework of value creation through knowledge management , 2010 .

[147]  Peter J. Gade Newspapers and Organizational Development: Management and Journalist Perceptions of Newsroom Cultural Change , 2004 .

[148]  Juliette De Maeyer,et al.  Towards a hyperlinked society: A critical review of link studies , 2013, New Media Soc..

[149]  Guy W. Mullarkey Internet measurement data – practical and technical issues , 2004 .

[150]  M. Polanyi Chapter 7 – The Tacit Dimension , 1997 .

[151]  A. Bruns,et al.  RESEARCHING NEWS DISCUSSION ON TWITTER , 2012 .

[152]  Ernest Greenwood Attributes of a Profession , 1957 .

[153]  Merja Mahrt,et al.  The Value of Big Data in Digital Media Research , 2013 .

[154]  Catherine A. Luther,et al.  Newspapers Frame Julian Assange Differently , 2014 .

[155]  Stephen Lacy,et al.  Analyzing Media Messages , 2019 .

[156]  Michael McDevitt,et al.  Competing for Attention: Information Subsidy Influence in Agenda Building during Election Campaigns , 2009 .

[157]  L. Harris Cultural domination: the key to market‐oriented culture? , 1998 .

[158]  Caitlin Petre The Traffic Factories: Metrics at Chartbeat, Gawker Media, and The New York Times , 2015 .

[159]  J. Singer COMMUNITY SERVICE , 2011 .

[160]  A. V. D. Ven,et al.  Determinants of Coordination Modes within Organizations , 1976 .

[161]  Philip M. Napoli Audience Economics: Media Institutions and the Audience Marketplace , 2003 .

[162]  Elena Raviola,et al.  Balancing Tensions During Convergence: Duality Management in a Newspaper Company , 2009 .

[163]  C. W. Anderson Deliberative, Agonistic, and Algorithmic Audiences: Journalism's Vision of its Public in an Age of Audience Transparency , 2011 .

[164]  J. Singer The political j-blogger , 2005 .

[165]  D. Edge,et al.  The social shaping of technology , 1988 .

[166]  Matthew Powers,et al.  Audience Clicks and News Placement , 2014, Commun. Res..

[167]  M. Hampton,et al.  The fourth estate ideal in journalism history , 2010 .

[168]  Philip M. Napoli TOWARD A MODEL OF AUDIENCE EVOLUTION: NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF MEDIA AUDIENCES , 2010 .

[169]  John V. Pavlik,et al.  The Impact of Technology on Journalism , 2000 .

[170]  James G. Webster,et al.  Ratings analysis: The theory and practice of audience research , 2006 .

[171]  Donald Matheson,et al.  Weblogs and the Epistemology of the News: Some Trends in Online Journalism , 2004, New Media Soc..

[172]  Nello Cristianini,et al.  RESEARCH METHODS IN THE AGE OF DIGITAL JOURNALISM , 2013 .

[173]  J. S. Long,et al.  Testing Structural Equation Models , 1993 .

[174]  P. Bentler,et al.  Evaluating model fit. , 1995 .

[175]  Richard L. Kaplan,et al.  The News About New Institutionalism: Journalism's Ethic of Objectivity and Its Political Origins , 2006 .

[176]  H. Vu The online audience as gatekeeper: The influence of reader metrics on news editorial selection , 2014 .

[177]  Angela M. Lee,et al.  When Newsworthy is Not Noteworthy , 2014 .

[178]  Jeongsub Lim,et al.  THE MYTHOLOGICAL STATUS OF THE IMMEDIACY OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ONLINE NEWS , 2012 .

[179]  Mark Coddington Defending judgment and context in ‘original reporting’: Journalists’ construction of newswork in a networked age , 2014 .

[180]  Randall P. Bezanson,et al.  Taking Stock: Journalism and the Publicly Traded Newspaper Company , 2001 .

[181]  Bryan E. Denham Intermedia Attribute Agenda Setting in the New York Times , 2014 .

[182]  Jake Batsell,et al.  Engaged Journalism: Connecting with Digitally Empowered News Audiences , 2015 .

[183]  M. Schudson Discovering The News: A Social History Of American Newspapers , 1980 .

[184]  Mark Deuze,et al.  The Web and its Journalisms: Considering the Consequences of Different Types of Newsmedia Online , 2003, New Media Soc..

[185]  Framing Occupy Wall Street: A Content Analysis of The New York Times and USA Today , 2013 .

[186]  Randal A. Beam How Perceived Environmental Uncertainty Influences the Marketing Orientation of U.S. Daily Newspapers , 1996 .

[187]  Gerard Smit,et al.  Visualizing News , 2014 .

[188]  A. Abbott The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor , 1988 .

[189]  Jonathan Steuer,et al.  Defining virtual reality: dimensions determining telepresence , 1992 .

[190]  A. Bruns,et al.  (NOT) THE TWITTER ELECTION , 2012 .

[191]  Susan C. Herring,et al.  Web Content Analysis: Expanding the Paradigm , 2009 .

[192]  Karen S. Buzzard James W. Seiler of the American Research Bureau , 2003 .

[193]  Nikki Usher,et al.  AL JAZEERA ENGLISH ONLINE , 2013 .

[194]  Malcolm Warner,et al.  Journalists at Work , 1973 .

[195]  W. Orlikowski Using Technology and Constituting Structures: A Practice Lens for Studying Technology in Organizations , 2000 .

[196]  Martin Engebretsen Shallow and Static or Deep and Dynamic? , 2006 .

[197]  J. Habermas,et al.  The structural transformation of the public sphere : an inquiry into a category of bourgeois society , 1989 .