Turkish HPB Surgery Association consensus report on hepatic cystic Echinococcosis (HCE).

Objectives Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is one of the important problems of the Eurasian region. We aimed to prepare a consensus report in order to update the treatment approaches of this disease. This study was conducted by Turkish HPB Surgery Association. Material and Methods This study was conducted with the modified Delphi model. For this purpose, we conducted a three-stage consensus-building approach. Results Six topics, including diagnosis, medical treatment, percutaneous treatment, surgical treatment, management of complications and posttreatment follow-up and recurrences in HCE were discussed. Conclusion The expert panel made recommendations for every topic.

[1]  F. Yılmaz,et al.  Anaphylaxis due to Liver Hydatid Cyst during the Operation , 2018, Cyprus Journal of Medical Sciences.

[2]  K. Zouari,et al.  Management of liver hydatid cyst with cystobiliary communication and acute cholangitis: a 27-year experience , 2018, European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery.

[3]  C. Fìlice,et al.  Ultrasound and Cystic Echinococcosis , 2018, Ultrasound International Open.

[4]  J. Ramia,et al.  Major hepatectomies in liver cystic echinococcosis: A bi-centric experience. Retrospective cohort study. , 2018, International journal of surgery.

[5]  M. Yalçınsoy,et al.  Disseminated hydatid disease treated with albendazole: 15-year experience , 2018 .

[6]  F. Saidi,et al.  The Non-operative Management of Asymptomatic Liver Hydatids: Ending Echinococcophobia , 2018, Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.

[7]  D. Balcı,et al.  Biliary Complications of Hepatic Hydatid Cyst Surgery and Prevention Methods , 2017 .

[8]  Saeed Eslami Hasan Abadi,et al.  A systematic review and meta-analysis on the treatment of liver hydatid cyst: Comparing laparoscopic and open surgeries. , 2017, Arab journal of gastroenterology : the official publication of the Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology.

[9]  J. L. Muñoz Bellido,et al.  Recurrence of cystic echinococcosis in an endemic area: a retrospective study , 2017, BMC Infectious Diseases.

[10]  S. Doğan,et al.  Percutaneous treatment of liver hydatid cysts in 190 patients: a retrospective study , 2017, Acta radiologica.

[11]  B. Akpınar,et al.  Comparison of Long-Term Results of Percutaneous Treatment Techniques for Hepatic Cystic Echinococcosis Types 2 and 3b. , 2017, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[12]  A. El Nakeeb,et al.  Cystobiliary communication in hepatic hydatid cyst: predictors and outcome. , 2017, The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology.

[13]  J. Ramia,et al.  Percutaneous drainage as a first therapeutic step prior to surgery in liver hydatid cyst abscess: Is it worth it? , 2017, World journal of hepatology.

[14]  S. Rabiou,et al.  Management for Ruptured Liver Hydatid Cysts in the Chest : Experience of a Moroccan Center , 2017 .

[15]  I. Korbi,et al.  Intraperitoneal rupture of hydatid cysts , 2017, European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery.

[16]  B. Sanei,et al.  Immunological diagnosis of human hydatid cyst using Western immunoblotting technique , 2016, Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.

[17]  F. Steudle,et al.  Watch and Wait Management of Inactive Cystic Echinococcosis – Does the Path to Inactivity Matter – Analysis of a Prospective Patient Cohort , 2016, PLoS neglected tropical diseases.

[18]  U. Aday,et al.  Cutaneous fistulization of the hydatid disease , 2016, Medicine.

[19]  C. Manterola,et al.  Surgical Alternatives Used in the Treatment of Liver Hydatid Cyst: A Systematized Approach Based on Evidence (an Overview) , 2016 .

[20]  I. Bali,et al.  A New Preoperative Categorization and Potential Preoperative Indicator for Cysto-Biliary Fistula in Hydatid Hepatic Disease , 2016 .

[21]  C. Tinelli,et al.  Factors Influencing the Serological Response in Hepatic Echinococcus granulosus Infection. , 2016, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[22]  H. Kaya,et al.  A novel modified PAIR technique using a trocar catheter for percutaneous treatment of liver hydatid cysts: a six-year experience. , 2015, Diagnostic and interventional radiology.

[23]  C. Duţă,et al.  Minimally Invasive Treatment of Liver Hydatidosis , 2016, JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons.

[24]  Z. Rezaei,et al.  Immunodiagnosis of human hydatid disease: Where do we stand? , 2015, World journal of methodology.

[25]  E. Brunetti,et al.  Cystic Echinococcosis , 2015, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[26]  R. Manzano-Román,et al.  Serological Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Human Cystic Echinococcosis: A New Hope for the Future? , 2015, BioMed research international.

[27]  R. Afifi,et al.  Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in ruptured liver hydatid cyst , 2015, Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.

[28]  A. Lazaros,et al.  Surgical management of hydatid liver disease. , 2015, International journal of surgery.

[29]  R. López-Andújar,et al.  Review of the treatment of liver hydatid cysts. , 2015, World journal of gastroenterology.

[30]  M. Gastaca,et al.  Thoracic involvement of hepatic hydatidosis. , 2015, Surgery.

[31]  D. Herek,et al.  Magnetic Resonance Imaging of a Liver Hydatid Cyst Invading the Portal Vein and Causing Portal Cavernomatosis. , 2015, The Ochsner journal.

[32]  K. Dolay,et al.  Role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the management of hepatic hydatid disease. , 2014, World journal of gastroenterology.

[33]  A. Jangjoo,et al.  Study of treatment results and early complications of tube drainage versus capitonnage after the unroofing and aspiration of hydatid cysts. , 2014, Asian journal of surgery.

[34]  A. de Silvestri,et al.  Medical treatment versus “Watch and Wait” in the clinical management of CE3b echinococcal cysts of the liver , 2014, BMC Infectious Diseases.

[35]  O. Baraket,et al.  Predictive factors of morbidity after surgical treatment of hydatid cyst of the liver. , 2014, Arab journal of gastroenterology : the official publication of the Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology.

[36]  A. Aydoğan,et al.  Comparison of surgical procedures and percutaneous drainage in the treatment of liver hydatide cysts: a retrospective study in an endemic area. , 2014, International journal of clinical and experimental medicine.

[37]  H. Wen,et al.  World review of laparoscopic treatment of liver cystic echinococcosis--914 patients. , 2014, International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases.

[38]  J. Figueras,et al.  Is Radical Surgery Feasible in Liver Hydatid Cysts in Contact with the Inferior Vena Cava? , 2014, World Journal of Surgery.

[39]  R. Abouqal,et al.  Radical versus conservative surgical treatment of liver hydatid cysts , 2014, The British journal of surgery.

[40]  Yongnan Li,et al.  Single-Incision Laparoscopic Surgery Versus Standard Laparoscopic Surgery for Unroofing of Hepatic Cysts , 2014, JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons.

[41]  J. Mabrut,et al.  Surgical Management of Liver Hydatid Disease: Subadventitial Cystectomy versus Resection of the Protruding Dome , 2014, World Journal of Surgery.

[42]  A. Alparslan,et al.  Hepatic cystic echinococcosis: percutaneous treatment as an outpatient procedure. , 2014, Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine.

[43]  Mert Döşkaya.  Ulusal Mikrobiyoloji Standartları, Bulaşıcı Hastalıklar Laboratuvar Tanı rehberi , 2014 .

[44]  M. Baltatzis,et al.  Complicated Liver Echinococcosis: 30 Years of Experience from an Endemic Area , 2013, Scandinavian journal of surgery : SJS : official organ for the Finnish Surgical Society and the Scandinavian Surgical Society.

[45]  A. Rashid,et al.  External tube drainage or omentoplasty in the management of residual hepatic hydatid cyst cavity: a prospective randomized controlled study , 2013, German medical science : GMS e-journal.

[46]  H. Carabin,et al.  A systematic review of the literature on cystic echinococcosis frequency worldwide and its associated clinical manifestations. , 2013, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[47]  J. Ramia,et al.  Radical surgery for hepatic hydatid cyst recurrence with vascular involvement. , 2013, Journal of visceral surgery.

[48]  M. Tez,et al.  A new and simple score for predicting cystobiliary fistula in patients with hepatic hydatid cysts. , 2013, Surgery.

[49]  C. Iancu,et al.  Open or laparoscopic treatment for hydatid disease of the liver? A 10-year single-institution experience , 2013, Surgical Endoscopy.

[50]  H Maghrebi,et al.  Predictive factors of morbidity after surgical treatment of hepatic hydatid cyst , 2012, The Pan African medical journal.

[51]  Waldemar Hosch,et al.  Diagnosing and Staging of Cystic Echinococcosis: How Do CT and MRI Perform in Comparison to Ultrasound? , 2012, PLoS neglected tropical diseases.

[52]  H. Hsairi,et al.  Les facteurs prédictifs de récidive du kyste hydatique du foie : l’expérience tunisienne , 2012 .

[53]  T. Barnes,et al.  Challenges for diagnosis and control of cystic hydatid disease. , 2012, Acta tropica.

[54]  D. McManus,et al.  Diagnosis, treatment, and management of echinococcosis , 2012, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[55]  G. Nunnari,et al.  Hepatic echinococcosis: clinical and therapeutic aspects. , 2012, World journal of gastroenterology.

[56]  B. Gridelli,et al.  Multidisciplinary imaging of liver hydatidosis. , 2012, World journal of gastroenterology.

[57]  J. Figueras,et al.  Cysto-biliary communication in liver hydatidosis , 2012, Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery.

[58]  J. Ramia,et al.  Ambispective comparative study of two surgical strategies for liver hydatidosis. , 2012, World journal of gastroenterology.

[59]  D. McManus,et al.  Immunology and Immunodiagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis: An Update , 2011, Clinical & developmental immunology.

[60]  S. Puri,et al.  Hepatic Hydatid: PAIR, Drain or Resect? , 2011, Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.

[61]  S. Amore Bonapasta,et al.  Surgical treatment of hydatid disease of the liver: 25 years of experience. , 2011, American journal of surgery.

[62]  E. Tarcan,et al.  Can Occult Cystobiliary Fistulas in Hepatic Hydatid Disease Be Predicted Before Surgery? , 2011, International journal of medical sciences.

[63]  B. Battal,et al.  Pulmonary artery embolism due to a ruptured hepatic hydatid cyst: clinical and radiologic imaging findings , 2011, Emergency Radiology.

[64]  R. Malekzadeh,et al.  Percutaneous needle aspiration, injection, and re-aspiration with or without benzimidazole coverage for uncomplicated hepatic hydatid cysts. , 2011, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[65]  P. Chiodini,et al.  Anaphylaxis from intravascular rupture of Hydatid disease following liver trauma , 2010, Journal of surgical case reports.

[66]  S. Arıkan,et al.  Comparison of Endoscopic Therapeutic Modalities for Postoperative Biliary Fistula of Liver Hydatid Cyst: A Retrospective Multicentric Study , 2010, Surgical laparoscopy, endoscopy & percutaneous techniques.

[67]  A. Ozturk,et al.  Predisposing factors and surgical outcome of complicated liver hydatid cysts. , 2010, World journal of gastroenterology.

[68]  R. Abouqal,et al.  Does Primary Surgical Management of Liver Hydatid Cyst Influence Recurrence? , 2010, Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.

[69]  E. Brunetti,et al.  Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. , 2010, Acta tropica.

[70]  J. P. Lledías,et al.  Primary super-infection of hydatid cyst--clinical setting and microbiology in 37 cases. , 2010, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[71]  C. Manterola,et al.  Intrabiliary Rupture of Hepatic Echinococcosis, a Risk Factor for Developing Postoperative Morbidity: A Cohort Study , 2010, World Journal of Surgery.

[72]  M. Khoshbaten,et al.  ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOGRAPHY FOR INTRABILIARY RUPTURE OF HYDATID CYST , 2009, Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society.

[73]  M. Zwahlen,et al.  Treatment Response of Cystic Echinococcosis to Benzimidazoles: A Systematic Review , 2009, PLoS neglected tropical diseases.

[74]  A. Fingerhut,et al.  Management of Cystic Echinococcosis Complications and Dissemination: Where is the Evidence? , 2009, World Journal of Surgery.

[75]  D. Vuitton.  Benzimidazoles for the treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis: what is the consensus? , 2009, Expert review of anti-infective therapy.

[76]  B. Aydinli,et al.  An algorithm for the treatment of the biliary complications of hepatic hydatid disease , 2009, Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences.

[77]  I. Karahan,et al.  Recurrent liver hydatid disease: when does it become symptomatic and how does one diagnose it? , 2009, Clinical imaging.

[78]  H. Issever,et al.  Asymptomatic occult cysto-biliary communication without bile into cavity of the liver hydatid cyst: a pitfall in conservative surgery. , 2009, International journal of surgery.

[79]  T. Ertan,et al.  Can biliary-cyst communication be predicted before surgery for hepatic hydatid disease: does size matter? , 2008, American journal of surgery.

[80]  P. Chiodini,et al.  Clinical management of cystic echinococcosis: state of the art, problems, and perspectives. , 2008, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[81]  G. Kauffmann,et al.  Metabolic viability assessment of cystic echinococcosis using high‐field 1H MRS of cyst contents , 2008, NMR in biomedicine.

[82]  R. M. Agayev,et al.  Hepatic hydatid disease: surgical experience over 15 years. , 2008, Hepato-gastroenterology.

[83]  H. Friess,et al.  MR imaging for diagnosing cysto-biliary fistulas in cystic echinococcosis. , 2008, European journal of radiology.

[84]  P. Priego,et al.  Hidatidosis hepática: Cirugía radical vs. no radical: 22 años de experiencia , 2008 .

[85]  H. Aletras,et al.  Forty-four years' experience (1963-2006) in the management of primarily infected hydatid cyst of the liver. , 2008, HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association.

[86]  V. Esposito,et al.  Long-Term Results of Percutaneous Treatment of Hydatid Liver Cysts: a Single Center 17 Years Experience , 2008, Infection.

[87]  B. Aydinli,et al.  Posttraumatic free intraperitoneal rupture of liver cystic echinococcosis: a case series and review of literature. , 2007, American journal of surgery.

[88]  M. Falagas,et al.  Albendazole for the Treatment of Human Echinococcosis: A Review of Comparative Clinical Trials , 2007, The American journal of the medical sciences.

[89]  Lin Xusheng,et al.  Laparoscopic surgical techniques in patients with hepatic hydatid cyst. , 2007, American journal of surgery.

[90]  Y. Genç,et al.  Intrabiliary rupture of hepatic hydatid cysts: diagnostic accuracy of MR cholangiopancreatography. , 2007, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[91]  G. Kauffmann,et al.  The role of calcification for staging cystic echinococcosis (CE) , 2007, European Radiology.

[92]  S. Perek,et al.  Postoperative recurrence in hepatic hydatid disease , 2006, Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.

[93]  M. Milićević,et al.  Changing concepts in the management of liver hydatid disease , 2005, Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.

[94]  H. Derıcı,et al.  Acute Intraperitoneal Rupture of Hydatid Cysts , 2007, World Journal of Surgery.

[95]  M. Karçaaltıncaba,et al.  Diagnosis and Percutaneous Treatment of Soft-Tissue Hydatid Cysts , 2007, CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology.

[96]  U. Aksoy,et al.  Comparative evaluation of western blotting in hepatic and pulmonary cystic echinococcosis. , 2006, Parasite.

[97]  M. Kouvaraki,et al.  Hydatid disease of the liver: a continuing surgical problem. , 2006, Archives of surgery.

[98]  L. Z. Lizarralde,et al.  Fístula de quiste hepático hidatídico a vena porta: revisión de la literatura , 2006 .

[99]  A. Kabaalioğlu,et al.  Percutaneous imaging-guided treatment of hydatid liver cysts: do long-term results make it a first choice? , 2006, European journal of radiology.

[100]  G. Seydaoglu,et al.  Occult cystobiliary communication presenting as postoperative biliary leakage after hydatid liver surgery: are there significant preoperative clinical predictors? , 2006, Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie.

[101]  D. Carmena,et al.  Antigens for the immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus infection: An update. , 2006, Acta tropica.

[102]  C. Palanivelu,et al.  Laparoscopic Management of Hepatic Hydatid Disease , 2006, JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons.

[103]  A. Sterpetti,et al.  Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography for intrabiliary rupture of hydatid cyst. , 2006, American journal of surgery.

[104]  H. Derıcı,et al.  Acute Intraperitoneal Rupture of Hydatid Cysts , 2006, World Journal of Surgery.

[105]  G. Yagci,et al.  Results of Surgical, Laparoscopic, and Percutaneous Treatment for Hydatid Disease of the Liver: 10 Years Experience with 355 Patients , 2005, World Journal of Surgery.

[106]  U. Topaloglu,et al.  The role of omentoplasty in the surgical management of remnant cavity in hepatic hydatid cyst. , 2005, HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association.

[107]  K. Monteiro,et al.  Comparative Analysis of the Diagnostic Performance of Six Major Echinococcus granulosus Antigens Assessed in a Double-Blind, Randomized Multicenter Study , 2005, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[108]  J. J. Bonilla,et al.  Screening for cystic echinococcosis in an endemic region of Peru using portable ultrasonography and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay , 2005, Parasitology Research.

[109]  R. Smego,et al.  Treatment options for hepatic cystic echinococcosis. , 2005, International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases.

[110]  T. Pavlidis,et al.  Recurrence and Long-term Outcome after Open Cystectomy with Omentoplasty for Hepatic Hydatid Disease in an Endemic Area , 2005, Acta chirurgica Belgica.

[111]  E. González,et al.  Results of surgical treatment of hepatic hydatidosis: Current therapeutic modifications , 1991, World Journal of Surgery.

[112]  A. Di Cataldo,et al.  A rare complication of the hepatic hydatid cyst: intraperitoneal perforation without anaphylaxis. , 2005, International surgery.

[113]  S. Demirci,et al.  Comparison of the results of different surgical techniques in the management of hydatid cysts of the liver , 2005, World Journal of Surgery.

[114]  I. Sayek,et al.  Cystic Hydatid Disease: Current Trends in Diagnosis and Management , 2004, Surgery Today.

[115]  M. Kantarci,et al.  Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: Complications of hydatid disease , 2004 .

[116]  P. K. Patnaik,et al.  Feasibility and Safety of Laparoscopic Management of Hydatid Disease of the Liver , 2004, JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons.

[117]  A. Fingerhut,et al.  Treatment of Hydatid Cyst of the Liver: Where Is the Evidence? , 2004, World Journal of Surgery.

[118]  D. Vuitton.  Echinococcosis and allergy , 2004, Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology.

[119]  Y. Tekant,et al.  Endoscopic sphincterotomy in the treatment of postoperative biliary fistulas of hepatic hydatid disease , 1996, Surgical Endoscopy.

[120]  K. Acarli,et al.  Laparoscopic surgery of hepatic hydatid disease: Initial results and early follow-up of 16 patients , 1995, World Journal of Surgery.

[121]  C. Loinaz,et al.  Diaphragmatic or transdiaphragmatic thoracic involvement in hepatic hydatid disease: Surgical trends and classification , 1995, World Journal of Surgery.

[122]  E. Misiakos,et al.  Diagnostic evaluation and surgical management of hydatid disease of the liver , 1994, World Journal of Surgery.

[123]  M. Kantarci,et al.  Images of interest. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: complications of hydatid disease. , 2004, Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology.

[124]  C. Hofstetter,et al.  Treatment of uncomplicated hydatid cyst of the liver by closed marsupialization and fibrin glue obliteration , 2004, World Journal of Surgery.

[125]  P. Craig,et al.  Immunodiagnostic and molecular approaches for the detection of taeniid cestode infections. , 2003, Trends in parasitology.

[126]  Y. Wang,et al.  Classification, follow-up and recurrence of hepatic cystic echinococcosis using ultrasound images. , 2003, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

[127]  R. Milner,et al.  Performance characteristics and quality control of community based ultrasound surveys for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis. , 2003, Acta tropica.

[128]  H. Yamasaki,et al.  Development of Em18-immunoblot and Em18-ELISA for specific diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis. , 2003, Acta tropica.

[129]  C. Kayaalp.  Evacuation of hydatid liver cysts using laparoscopic trocar , 2002, World Journal of Surgery.

[130]  A. Ito.  Serologic and molecular diagnosis of zoonotic larval cestode infections. , 2002, Parasitology international.

[131]  Y. Bayraktar,et al.  Endoscopic Therapy in the Management of Hepatobiliary Hydatid Disease , 2002, Journal of clinical gastroenterology.

[132]  M. Athanassiou,et al.  Bronchobiliary fistulae due to echinococcosis. , 2002, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[133]  K. Yorgancı,et al.  Surgical treatment of hydatid cysts of the liver in the era of percutaneous treatment. , 2002, American journal of surgery.

[134]  F. Coşkun,et al.  New technique for finding the ruptured bile duct into the liver cysts: scope in the cave technique. , 2002, Surgical laparoscopy, endoscopy & percutaneous techniques.

[135]  C. Vagianos,et al.  Significance of bile leaks complicating conservative surgery for liver hydatidosis , 2002, World Journal of Surgery.

[136]  C. Kayaalp,et al.  Importance of cyst content in hydatid liver surgery. , 2002, Archives of surgery.

[137]  N. Kama,et al.  Intrabiliary rupture of a hepatic hydatid cyst: associated clinical factors and proper management. , 2001, Archives of surgery.

[138]  E. Dixon,et al.  Cystadenomas of the liver: a spectrum of disease. , 2001, Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie.

[139]  B. Şahın,et al.  Effectiveness of Endoscopic Treatment Modalities in Complicated Hepatic Hydatid Disease after Surgical Intervention , 2001, Endoscopy.

[140]  T. Ozgurtas,et al.  Hypertonic Saline in Hydatid Disease , 2001, World Journal of Surgery.

[141]  B. Gottstein,et al.  Review: Molecular tools for the diagnosis of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis , 2001, Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH.

[142]  M A Kish,et al.  Guide to development of practice guidelines. , 2001, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[143]  I. Beckingham,et al.  ABC of diseases of liver, pancreas, and biliary system. , 2001, BMJ.

[144]  C. Fìlice,et al.  Echinococcosis in humans: clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment. , 2001 .

[145]  M. D. I. Sayek,et al.  Diagnosis and Treatment of Uncomplicated Hydatid Cyst of the Liver , 2001, World journal of surgery.

[146]  K. Nakaya,et al.  Differential serodiagnosis of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis using native and recombinant antigens in Japan. , 2001, The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health.

[147]  A. Cirenei,et al.  Evolution of Surgery for Liver Hydatidosis from 1950 to Today: Analysis of a Personal Experience , 2001, World Journal of Surgery.

[148]  M. D. Abdeljélil Zaouche,et al.  Management of Liver Hydatid Cysts with a Large Biliocystic Fistula: Multicenter Retrospective Study , 2001, World Journal of Surgery.

[149]  M.C.U.-P.H. Marie-France Biava,et al.  Laboratory Diagnosis of Cystic Hydatic Disease , 2001, World Journal of Surgery.

[150]  K. Mathison,et al.  MR cholangiography in the evaluation of suspected intrabiliary rupture of hepatic hydatid cyst , 2001, Abdominal Imaging.

[151]  R. Riganò,et al.  Native and recombinant antigens in the immunodiagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis , 2000, Parasite immunology.

[152]  E. Misiakos,et al.  Surgical treatment of human echinococcosis. , 2000, International surgery.

[153]  R. Piarroux,et al.  Immunodiagnosis of EchinococcusInfections: Confirmatory Testing and Species Differentiation by a New Commercial Western Blot , 2000, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[154]  I. Pedrosa,et al.  Hydatid disease: radiologic and pathologic features and complications. , 2000, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[155]  O. Akhan,et al.  Percutaneous treatment of liver hydatid cysts. , 1999, European journal of radiology.

[156]  M. Akçay,et al.  Surgical treatment of hydatid disease of the liver: review of 304 cases. , 1999, Archives of surgery.

[157]  K. Karayalçın,et al.  Scolicidal Agents in Hydatid Cyst Surgery , 1998, HPB surgery : a world journal of hepatic, pancreatic and biliary surgery.

[158]  J. Stefaniak.  Fine needle aspiration biopsy in the differential diagnosis of the liver cystic echinococcosis. , 1997, Acta tropica.

[159]  A. Uccheddu,et al.  [Human fibrin glue in the treatment of residual parenchymal surface after total pericystectomy for hepatic echinococcus]. , 1997, Annali italiani di chirurgia.

[160]  R. Yalın,et al.  Preoperative albendazole treatment for liver hydatid disease decreases the viability of the cyst. , 1996, European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology.

[161]  A. Dinçer,et al.  Liver hydatid disease: long-term results of percutaneous treatment. , 1996, Radiology.

[162]  B. Berthet,et al.  An unusual complication of hydatid disease of the liver: spontaneous operative rupture of the inferior vena cava into the cyst wall. Case report. , 1994, The European journal of surgery = Acta chirurgica.

[163]  G. Casola,et al.  Percutaneous abscess drainage: current concepts. , 1991, Radiology.

[164]  F. Nicoli,et al.  Hydatid disease: MR imaging study. , 1990, Radiology.

[165]  M. Hollands,et al.  Recurrence of hydatid disease , 1988, World journal of surgery.

[166]  J. Keystone,et al.  Diagnosis and Management of Hydatid Disease of the Liver: A 15‐year North American Experience , 1984, Annals of surgery.

[167]  Y. Kondō,et al.  Biliary cystadenocarcinoma with peritoneal carcinomatosis , 1981, Cancer.

[168]  H. Gharbi,et al.  Ultrasound examination of the hydatic liver. , 1981, Radiology.

[169]  A. Robbins,et al.  Percutaneous abscess drainage. , 1981, Seminars in roentgenology.