4 Design and analysis of composite sampling procedures: A review

Abstract Composite sampling is emerging as a cost efficient sampling method in environmental studies. Treating the process of sample selection (i.e., identification of sampling units to be included in the sample) as distinct from that of sample quantification (i.e., making measurements on the selected sample units), it is possible to achieve two conflicting goals simultaneously. On one hand, one can select a large number of sample units to ensure the desired sample support, so that the results of the analysis will be sufficiently reliable. On the other hand, by compositing several individual samples into fewer composites, one reduces the number of analytical measurements so that a study can be carried out without affecting the available financial resources. In this paper, we review some prominent composite sample techniques to design and analyze composite sample data, with special emphasis on environmental applications.

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