Applying Psychology Research to Shopper Mindsets with Implications for Future Symbiotic Search Systems

Optimising communications to take account of user states is a nascent, huge and growing business opportunity for the retail and advertising worlds. Understanding people’s behaviours, thoughts and emotions to different messages in different contexts at different times, can inform the strategic planning and design of systems promoting positive customer experiences and increasing retail sales. Using theory combined with applied insights from our projects, this paper highlights a number of factors (mindset, attention, focus, time pressure and salience) that drive ‘search’ behaviour in a dynamic retail based environment. The work has implications for developing symbiotic systems.

[1]  Peter Dayan,et al.  A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward , 1997, Science.

[2]  P. Corr The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality: Contents , 2008 .

[3]  R. Dhar,et al.  The power of customers' mindset , 2010 .

[4]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  PET Imaging and Cognition in Schizophrenia , 1992, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine.

[5]  James L. Szalma,et al.  The Vigilance Decrement Reflects Limitations in Effortful Attention, Not Mindlessness , 2003, Hum. Factors.

[6]  K. Berridge Food reward: Brain substrates of wanting and liking , 1996, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[7]  M. Molteni,et al.  Is attentional focusing an inhibitory process at distractor location? , 2000, Brain research. Cognitive brain research.

[8]  J. M. Stroud THE FINE STRUCTURE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TIME , 1967 .

[9]  Jonathan Freeman,et al.  A Cross-Media Presence Questionnaire: The ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory , 2001, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[10]  B. Balleine,et al.  Goal-directed instrumental action: contingency and incentive learning and their cortical substrates , 1998, Neuropharmacology.

[11]  R. Dhar,et al.  Seeing the Forest or the Trees: Implications of Construal Level Theory for Consumer Choice , 2007 .

[12]  Woodrow Barfield,et al.  Presence and performance within virtual environments , 1995 .

[13]  R. Nagel,et al.  Search Dynamics in Consumer Choice under Time Pressure: An Eye-Tracking Study , 2011 .

[14]  C. Eriksen,et al.  Temporal and spatial characteristics of selective encoding from visual displays , 1972 .

[15]  T. D. Wilson,et al.  Review of: Kuhlthau, Carol Collier. Seeking meaning: a process approach to library and information services. 2nd. ed. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2004 , 2004, Inf. Res..

[16]  C. Eriksen,et al.  Some factors determining efficiency of selective attention. , 1970 .

[17]  R. Roth,et al.  Pharmacology of mesocortical dopamine neurons. , 1983, Pharmacological reviews.

[18]  J. Lessiter,et al.  Cigarette smoking and attention to signals of reward and threat in the Stroop paradigm. , 2002, Addiction.

[19]  Douglass K. Hawes The Time Variable in Models of Consumer Behavior , 1980 .

[20]  R. M. Nideffer,et al.  Test of attentional and interpersonal style. , 1976 .

[21]  C. Carver,et al.  Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales , 1994 .

[22]  D. Kahneman,et al.  Attention and Effort , 1973 .

[23]  W. James,et al.  The Principles of Psychology. , 1983 .

[24]  M. Posner,et al.  Orienting of Attention* , 1980, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology.