Koopman Analysis Based Wide-Area Back-Up Protection and Faulted Line Identification for Series-Compensated Power Network

The paper presents wide-area back-up protection (WABP) and faulted line identification (FLI) scheme for series-compensated power transmission network. The proposed scheme uses the Koopman mode technique on fault current data obtained from phasor measurement units for WABP and FLI. The main advantage of the proposed scheme is that it is based on spatiotemporal information system (STIS). As we know that in real-world applications, often time and space exist together, and hence, dealing with spatial aspect without considering temporal aspect is of limited use. Similarly, the introduction of series compensation in a power transmission network is common nowadays due to many technical benefits. The FLI in a power network with series-compensation is more complicated due to complex transients produced by series capacitor and the metal–oxide varistor. The proposed scheme is developed using STIS for WABP and FLI under stressed conditions including power swing and load encroachment. The New England 39 bus system is used as the test system, which is developed on Dig-Silent power factory commercial software (PF4C) platform for evaluating the performance of the proposed technique. Further, the efficacy of the proposed scheme is also tested for other critical situations such as symmetrical fault during power swing and multievent detection and found to work effectively.