Nanomedicine opportunities for cardiovascular disease with perfluorocarbon nanoparticles.

Nanomedicine promises to enhance the ability of clinicians to address some of the serious challenges responsible for cardiovascular mortality, morbidity and numerous societal consequences. Targeted imaging and therapy applications with perfluorocarbon nanoparticles are relevant to a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases, ranging from asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease to acute myocardial infarction or stroke. As illustrated in this article, perfluorocarbon nanoparticles offer new tools to recognize and characterize pathology, to identify and segment high-risk patients and to treat chronic and acute disease.

[1]  Stasia A. Anderson,et al.  Magnetic resonance contrast enhancement of neovasculature with αvβ3‐targeted nanoparticles , 2000 .

[2]  J. Werkmeister,et al.  MR three-dimensional molecular imaging of intramural biomarkers with targeted nanoparticles. , 2006, Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.

[3]  Klaas Nicolay,et al.  MR molecular imaging and fluorescence microscopy for identification of activated tumor endothelium using a bimodal lipidic nanoparticle , 2005, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[4]  K. Nicolay,et al.  Relaxivity of liposomal paramagnetic MRI contrast agents , 2005, Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine.

[5]  V. Fuster.  Symposium presentations. How to become a cardiovascular investigator. , 2005, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[6]  S A Wickline,et al.  Novel MRI Contrast Agent for Molecular Imaging of Fibrin: Implications for Detecting Vulnerable Plaques , 2001, Circulation.

[7]  M A Konerding,et al.  Angiogenesis inhibitors endostatin or TNP-470 reduce intimal neovascularization and plaque growth in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. , 1999, Circulation.

[8]  Samuel A. Wickline,et al.  Molecular Imaging of Angiogenesis in Early-Stage Atherosclerosis With &agr;v&bgr;3-Integrin–Targeted Nanoparticles , 2003 .

[9]  T Suzuki,et al.  Considerable Time From the Onset of Plaque Rupture and/or Thrombi Until the Onset of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Humans: Coronary Angiographic Findings Within 1 Week Before the Onset of Infarction , 2000, Circulation.

[10]  A. Carter,et al.  Rapamycin eluting stent: the onset of a new era in interventional cardiology , 2002, Heart.

[11]  J. H. Rose,et al.  Experimental determination of phase velocity of perfluorocarbons: Applications to targeted contrast agents , 2000, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[12]  J. G. Miller,et al.  A novel site-targeted ultrasonic contrast agent with broad biomedical application. , 1996, Circulation.

[13]  Samuel A Wickline,et al.  Sonic activation of molecularly-targeted nanoparticles accelerates transmembrane lipid delivery to cancer cells through contact-mediated mechanisms: implications for enhanced local drug delivery. , 2005, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[14]  Patrick W Serruys,et al.  Late thrombosis in drug-eluting coronary stents after discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy , 2004, The Lancet.

[15]  R. Herbst,et al.  Clinical and pharmacokinetic study of TNP-470, an angiogenesis inhibitor, in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with solid tumors , 2004, Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.

[16]  O. Hess,et al.  CLINICAL RESEARCH Interventional Cardiology Stent Thrombosis Is Associated With an Impaired Response to Antiplatelet Therapy , 2005 .

[17]  C H Lorenz,et al.  Enhanced detection of thrombi with a novel fibrin-targeted magnetic resonance imaging agent. , 1998, Academic radiology.

[18]  Grace Hu,et al.  Molecular MR imaging of melanoma angiogenesis with ανβ3‐targeted paramagnetic nanoparticles , 2005, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[19]  F. Khuri,et al.  Safety and pharmacokinetic effects of TNP-470, an angiogenesis inhibitor, combined with paclitaxel in patients with solid tumors: evidence for activity in non-small-cell lung cancer. , 2002, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[20]  K. Peters,et al.  Neovascularization in atherectomy specimens from patients with unstable angina: implications for pathogenesis of unstable angina. , 1998, American heart journal.

[21]  Mair Zamir,et al.  Functional anatomy and hemodynamic characteristics of vasa vasorum in the walls of porcine coronary arteries. , 2003, The anatomical record. Part A, Discoveries in molecular, cellular, and evolutionary biology.

[22]  M. Nobuyoshi,et al.  Long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up after placement of Palmaz-Schatz coronary stent: a single center experience. , 1994, Journal of interventional cardiology.

[23]  Patrick Royston,et al.  Generic, Simple Risk Stratification Model for Heart Valve Surgery , 2005, Circulation.

[24]  Juan J. Badimon,et al.  Plaque Neovascularization Is Increased in Ruptured Atherosclerotic Lesions of Human Aorta: Implications for Plaque Vulnerability , 2004, Circulation.

[25]  R. Mattrey.  The potential role of perfluorochemicals (PFCs) in diagnostic imaging. , 1994, Artificial cells, blood substitutes, and immobilization biotechnology.

[26]  Sheng-Kwei Song,et al.  High‐resolution MRI characterization of human thrombus using a novel fibrin‐targeted paramagnetic nanoparticle contrast agent , 2000, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[27]  R. Erbel,et al.  Volumetric assessment of ulcerated ruptured coronary plaques with three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound in vivo. , 2003, The American journal of cardiology.

[28]  Shelton D Caruthers,et al.  In Vitro Demonstration Using 19F Magnetic Resonance to Augment Molecular Imaging With Paramagnetic Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles at 1.5 Tesla , 2006, Investigative radiology.

[29]  E L Ritman,et al.  Impact of coronary vasa vasorum functional structure on coronary vessel wall perfusion distribution. , 2003, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[30]  Patrick J. Gaffney,et al.  Quantitative “magnetic resonance immunohistochemistry” with ligand‐targeted 19F nanoparticles , 2004 .

[31]  P. Wolf,et al.  Heart disease and stroke statistics--2006 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. , 2006, Circulation.

[32]  N. Ferrara,et al.  Angiogenesis-Dependent and Independent Phases of Intimal Hyperplasia , 2004, Circulation.

[33]  Kerry K. Karukstis,et al.  Targeted Antiproliferative Drug Delivery to Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells With a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nanoparticle Contrast Agent: Implications for Rational Therapy of Restenosis , 2002, Circulation.

[34]  M. Medina,et al.  A re-evaluation of fumagillin selectivity towards endothelial cells. , 2001, Anticancer research.

[35]  G. Folkers,et al.  Understanding the selectivity of fumagillin for the methionine aminopeptidase type II. , 2003, Oncology research.

[36]  I. Palacios,et al.  Coronary stent thrombosis in the current drug-eluting stent era: insights from the ERACI III trial. , 2006, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[37]  P W Serruys,et al.  Clinical and angiographic outcome of elective stent implantation in small coronary vessels: an analysis of the BENESTENT trial. , 1996, Seminars in interventional cardiology : SIIC.

[38]  P. Serruys,et al.  Sirolimus eluting stent implantation for patients with multivessel disease: rationale for the arterial revascularisation therapies study part II (ARTS II) , 2004, Heart.

[39]  Samuel A. Wickline,et al.  Endothelial &agr;&ngr;&bgr;3 Integrin–Targeted Fumagillin Nanoparticles Inhibit Angiogenesis in Atherosclerosis , 2006 .

[40]  Sheng-Kwei Song,et al.  Improved molecular imaging contrast agent for detection of human thrombus , 2003, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[41]  Late thrombosis in drug-eluting coronary stents after discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy , 2005 .

[42]  P. Serruys,et al.  Long-term clinical outcome after stent implantation in coronary arteries. , 1999, International journal of cardiovascular interventions.

[43]  S. Caruthers,et al.  1H/19F magnetic resonance molecular imaging with perfluorocarbon nanoparticles. , 2005, Current topics in developmental biology.

[44]  René M. Botnar,et al.  In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Coronary Thrombosis Using a Fibrin-Binding Molecular Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent , 2004, Circulation.

[45]  Aloke V. Finn,et al.  Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression and Vulnerability to Rupture: Angiogenesis as a Source of Intraplaque Hemorrhage , 2005, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[46]  C. Yuan,et al.  Images in cardiovascular medicine. Serial high-spatial-resolution, multisequence magnetic resonance imaging studies identify fibrous cap rupture and penetrating ulcer into carotid atherosclerotic plaque. , 2006, Circulation.

[47]  S A Wickline,et al.  Molecular imaging of stretch-induced tissue factor expression in carotid arteries with intravascular ultrasound. , 2000, Investigative radiology.

[48]  David A. Cheresh,et al.  Detection of tumor angiogenesis in vivo by αvβ3-targeted magnetic resonance imaging , 1998, Nature Medicine.

[49]  Antonio Colombo,et al.  Terminology for high-risk and vulnerable coronary artery plaques. Report of a meeting on the vulnerable plaque, June 17 and 18, 2003, Santorini, Greece. , 2004, European heart journal.

[50]  J. Widom,et al.  Structure of human methionine aminopeptidase-2 complexed with fumagillin. , 1998, Science.

[51]  René M. Botnar,et al.  In Vivo Molecular Imaging of Acute and Subacute Thrombosis Using a Fibrin-Binding Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent , 2004, Circulation.

[52]  Patrick W Serruys,et al.  Late angiographic stent thrombosis (LAST) events with drug-eluting stents. , 2005, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.