Possibilities for X-Ray Holography Using Synchrotron Radiation

Since the theoretical [36.1] and experimental [36.2,3] demonstrations of the effectiveness of soft x rays in imaging biological material there has been considerably study [36.4,5] given to the prospects for further development of the presently existing techniques. This has been motivated to a large extent by advances in source technology, particularly the use of undulators on electron storage rings and recent improvements in short wavelength lasers. The present authors have carried out theoretical evaluations of the possibilities of holographic imaging and have also recorded a number of holograms using the U15 soft x-ray beam line at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) 750 MeV storage ring at Brookhaven. These have been successfully reconstructed using He:Cd laser light.

[1]  Howard M. Smith.  Principles of Holography , 1969 .

[2]  E. Leith,et al.  Reconstructed Wavefronts and Communication Theory , 1962 .

[3]  D. Gabor.  Microscopy by reconstructed wave-fronts , 1949, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[4]  N. F. Sir Mott,et al.  The theory of atomic collisions , 1933 .

[5]  D. Sayre.  Prospects for long-wavelength X-ray microscopy and diffraction , 1980 .

[6]  Brian J. Thompson,et al.  Fraunhofer Holography Applied to Particle Size Analysis a Reassessment , 1976 .

[7]  J. Solem,et al.  Microholography of Living Organisms , 1982, Science.

[8]  J. Solem,et al.  High-intensity x-ray holography: an approach to high-resolution snapshot imaging of biological specimens , 1982 .

[9]  A. Baez,et al.  A Study in Diffraction Microscopy with Special Reference to X-Rays , 1952 .

[10]  B Reuter,et al.  Experiments with Fourier transform holograms using 4.48 nm X-rays , 1976 .

[11]  S. Kikuta,et al.  X-Ray Hologram Obtained by Using Synchrotron Radiation , 1972 .

[12]  W. Bragg,et al.  A New Type of ‘X-Ray Microscope’ , 1939, Nature.

[13]  Sadao Aoki,et al.  X-Ray Holographic Microscopy , 1974 .

[14]  Francis T. S. Yu,et al.  Optical Information Processing , 1982 .

[15]  J. Goodman.  Introduction to Fourier optics , 1969 .

[16]  V. Aristov,et al.  On the possibility of utilizing holographic schemes in X-ray microscopy , 1979 .

[17]  Samuel Krinsky,et al.  Beam line for experiments with coherent soft x-rays , 1982 .

[18]  G. L. Rogers,et al.  The possibilities of X‐ray holographic microscopy * , 1969, Journal of microscopy.

[19]  G. W. Stroke.  Lensless Fourier-Transform Method for Optical Holography , 1965 .

[20]  Reinhard W. Meier,et al.  Cardinal Points and the Novel Imaging Properties of a Holographic System , 1966 .