High energy beam transport beamline for LEDA

Here the authors describe the High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) for the Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA), which is part of the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) project. The authors used the TRACE 3-D linear design code for the first-order design and performed r-z and 3-D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to study the beam distribution and halo. TRACE 3-D predicts rms beam properties well. The PIC simulations are important for determining the presence of beam halo, which is present for some tunes. They propose halo experiments to help validate the simulation codes for modeling nonlinear space charge.