Operational issues facing commercial raman amplifier system: Safety measures and system designs

We overview operational issues in Raman amplifier system deployment from the viewpoints of precautions and countermeasures against potential hazards and optical signal-to-noise ratio system design for stable commercial use.

[1]  R. Stolen.  Polarization effects in fiber Raman and Brillouin lasers , 1979 .

[2]  Y. Shuto,et al.  Fiber fuse generation in single-mode fiber-optic connectors , 2004, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[3]  J. Bromage,et al.  Raman amplification for fiber communications systems , 2003, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[4]  Tomoyoshi Kataoka,et al.  PMD Design for High-Speed WDM Backbone Network Systems Based on Field PMD Measurements , 2011, IEICE Trans. Commun..

[5]  Pump-wavelength detuning method for forward-pumped distributed Raman amplification systems , 2005, 2005 Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics.

[6]  K. Nakajima,et al.  Fiber Identification Technique Based on Mechanically-Induced Long-Period Grating for Bending-Loss Insensitive Fibers , 2008, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[8]  K. Hinton,et al.  Automatic laser shutdown implications for all optical data networks , 2006, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[9]  Y. Ando,et al.  Statistical analysis of insertion-loss improvement for optical connectors using the orientation method for fiber-core offset , 1991, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[10]  Akira Naka,et al.  54×42.7 Gbit/s L- and U-band WDM signal transmission experiments with in-line hybrid optical amplifiers , 2004 .

[11]  M. Kihara,et al.  Investigation Into Optical Performance of Fiber Connections With Imperfect Physical Contact , 2013, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[12]  Shu Namiki,et al.  Challenges of Raman Amplification , 2006, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[13]  Yutaka Miyamoto,et al.  Safety issues in high-power optical fibre communication systems, including distributed Raman amplification systems , 2003 .

[14]  Jay R. Simpson,et al.  Measurement and system impact of multipath interference from dispersion compensating fiber modules , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[15]  Benyuan Zhu,et al.  Transmission Performance of 256-Gb/s PDM-16QAM With Different Amplification Schemes and Channel Spacings , 2014, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[16]  Yutaka Miyamoto,et al.  High-Performance Distributed Raman Amplification Systems with Limited Pump Power , 2006, IEICE Trans. Commun..

[17]  Ryo Nagase,et al.  Characteristics of fibre-optic connector at high-power optical incidence , 2002 .