Bending loss characterization in nodeless hollow-core anti-resonant fiber.

We report high performance nodeless hollow-core anti-resonant fibers (HARFs) with broadband guidance from 850 nm to >1700 nm and transmission attenuation of ~100 dB/km. We systematically investigate their bending loss behaviors using both theoretical and experimental approaches. While a low bending loss value of 0.2 dB/m at 5 cm bending radius is attained in the long wavelength side (LWS) of the spectrum, in this paper, we pursue light guidance in the short wavelength side (SWS) under tight bending, which is yet to be explored. We analytically predict and experimentally verify a sub transmission band in the SWS with a broad bandwidth of 110 THz and an acceptable loss of 4.5 dB/m at 2 cm bending radius, indicating that light can be simultaneously guided in LWS and SWS even under tight bending condition. This provides an unprecedented degree of freedom to tailor the transmission spectrum under a tight bending state and opens new opportunities for HARFs to march into practical applications where broadband guidance under small bending radius is a prerequisite.

[1]  B. Eggleton,et al.  Antiresonant reflecting photonic crystal optical waveguides. , 2002, Optics letters.

[2]  P. Yeh,et al.  Theory of Bragg fiber , 1978 .

[3]  D. J. Richardson,et al.  Antiresonant hollow core fiber with octave spanning bandwidth for short haul data communications , 2016, 2016 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[4]  P. Roberts,et al.  Low loss broadband transmission in hypocycloid-core Kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. , 2011, Optics letters.

[5]  Peter Wasserscheid,et al.  Photonic Crystal Fibres for Chemical Sensing and Photochemistry , 2014 .

[6]  Jacek Olszewski,et al.  Effect of coupling between fundamental and cladding modes on bending losses in photonic crystal fibers. , 2005, Optics express.

[7]  F. Benabid,et al.  A strong-field driver in the single-cycle regime based on self-compression in a kagome fibre , 2015, Nature Communications.

[8]  F. Benabid,et al.  Ultra low-loss hypocycloid-core kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fiber for the green spectral-range applications , 2014, CLEO 2014.

[9]  E. Dianov,et al.  Demonstration of CO2-laser power delivery through chalcogenide-glass fiber with negative-curvature hollow core. , 2011, Optics express.

[10]  Luca Vincetti,et al.  Lamb-Dicke spectroscopy of atoms in a hollow-core photonic crystal fibre , 2014, Nature Communications.

[11]  Walter Belardi,et al.  Effect of core boundary curvature on the confinement losses of hollow antiresonant fibers. , 2013, Optics express.

[12]  Walter Belardi,et al.  Hollow antiresonant fibers with low bending loss. , 2014, Optics express.

[13]  Fei Yu,et al.  Tunable fibre‐coupled multiphoton microscopy with a negative curvature fibre , 2016, Journal of biophotonics.

[14]  Amir Abdolvand,et al.  Hollow-core photonic crystal fibres for gas-based nonlinear optics , 2014, Nature Photonics.

[15]  F Benabid,et al.  Hypocycloid-shaped hollow-core photonic crystal fiber Part I: arc curvature effect on confinement loss. , 2013, Optics express.

[16]  Francesco Poletti,et al.  Nested antiresonant nodeless hollow core fiber. , 2014, Optics express.

[17]  W. Ding,et al.  Analytic model for light guidance in single-wall hollow-core anti-resonant fibers. , 2014, Optics express.

[18]  Jesper Lægsgaard,et al.  Hollow-core fibers for high power pulse delivery. , 2016, Optics express.

[19]  W. Ding,et al.  Hybrid transmission bands and large birefringence in hollow-core anti-resonant fibers. , 2015, Optics express.

[20]  P. Russell,et al.  Broadband robustly single-mode hollow-core PCF by resonant filtering of higher-order modes. , 2016, Optics letters.

[21]  F Benabid,et al.  Generation and Photonic Guidance of Multi-Octave Optical-Frequency Combs , 2007, Science.

[22]  Georges Humbert,et al.  Simplified hollow-core photonic crystal fiber , 2010, CLEO/QELS: 2010 Laser Science to Photonic Applications.

[23]  J. Shephard,et al.  High energy green nanosecond and picosecond pulse delivery through a negative curvature fiber for precision micro-machining. , 2015, Optics express.

[24]  W. Wadsworth,et al.  Cavity-based mid-IR fiber gas laser pumped by a diode laser , 2016 .

[25]  L. Vincetti,et al.  Extra loss due to Fano resonances in inhibited coupling fibers based on a lattice of tubes. , 2012, Optics express.

[26]  F Benabid,et al.  Hypocycloid-shaped hollow-core photonic crystal fiber Part II: cladding effect on confinement and bend loss. , 2013, Optics express.

[27]  F. Krausz,et al.  Compressing μJ-level pulses from 250  fs to sub-10  fs at 38-MHz repetition rate using two gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber stages. , 2015, Optics letters.

[28]  Luca Vincetti,et al.  Complex FEM modal solver of optical waveguides with PML boundary conditions , 2001 .

[29]  H. Ebendorff‐Heidepriem,et al.  Single-ring hollow core optical fibers made by glass billet extrusion for Raman sensing. , 2016, Optics express.

[30]  F Benabid,et al.  Multi-meter fiber-delivery and pulse self-compression of milli-Joule femtosecond laser and fiber-aided laser-micromachining. , 2014, Optics express.

[31]  Marco N. Petrovich,et al.  X-ray tomography for structural analysis of microstructured and multimaterial optical fibers and preforms. , 2014, Optics express.

[32]  A. Urich,et al.  Flexible delivery of Er:YAG radiation at 2.94 µm with negative curvature silica glass fibers: a new solution for minimally invasive surgical procedures , 2013, Biomedical optics express.

[33]  E. Dianov,et al.  Demonstration of a waveguide regime for a silica hollow--core microstructured optical fiber with a negative curvature of the core boundary in the spectral region > 3.5 μm. , 2011, Optics express.

[34]  E. Dianov,et al.  Light transmission in negative curvature hollow core fiber in extremely high material loss region. , 2013, Optics express.

[35]  Wen Zhou,et al.  Hyperuniform Disordered Network Polarizers , 2016, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[36]  Luca Vincetti,et al.  Waveguiding mechanism in tube lattice fibers. , 2010, Optics express.

[37]  E. Marcatili,et al.  Hollow metallic and dielectric waveguides for long distance optical transmission and lasers , 1964 .

[38]  Zhenming Yu,et al.  Bandwidth Improvement Using Adaptive Loading Scheme in Optical Direct-Detection OFDM , 2016, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[39]  W. Wadsworth,et al.  Low loss silica hollow core fibers for 3-4 μm spectral region. , 2012, Optics express.

[40]  A. Argyros,et al.  Flexible tube lattice fibers for terahertz applications. , 2013, Optics express.

[41]  G. Vienne,et al.  Air-guiding photonic bandgap fibers: spectral properties, macrobending loss, and practical handling , 2004, Journal of Lightwave Technology.