Vertical Crowd–Structure Interaction Model to Analyze the Change of the Modal Properties of a Footbridge

AbstractIn this paper, a biomechanical crowd–structure interaction model is proposed and further implemented to adequately estimate the energy exchange between pedestrians and a footbridge. The proposed model focuses on the vibrations in the vertical direction, and it allows for taking into account the change of the modal properties of the structure due to the presence of the pedestrians, thus improving the numerical estimation of the response of the structure under pedestrian flows. The model involves two submodels, namely (1) a pedestrian–structure interaction submodel and (2) a crowd submodel. The first submodel follows from a modal projection of a system with two degrees of freedom, which simulates the behavior of each pedestrian, on the vibration modes of the structure. The parameters of this model have been estimated from the accelerations recorded on a real footbridge. For the second submodel, the crowd behavior is simulated via a multiagent method. The performance of the resulting overall model is...

[1]  Filipe Magalhães,et al.  Explaining operational modal analysis with data from an arch bridge , 2011 .

[2]  John S. Owen,et al.  Modelling crowd–bridge dynamic interaction with a discretely defined crowd , 2012 .

[3]  Paul Reynolds,et al.  Vibration serviceability of stadia structures subjected to dynamic crowd loads: A literature review , 2011 .

[4]  A. Ruina,et al.  Multiple walking speed-frequency relations are predicted by constrained optimization. , 2001, Journal of theoretical biology.

[5]  J W Smith,et al.  DESIGN CRITERIA AND ANALYSIS FOR DYNAMIC LOADING OF FOOTBRIDGES , 1977 .

[6]  Alessandro Corbetta,et al.  Pedestrian-structure interaction in the vertical direction:coupled oscillator-force model for vibration serviceability assessment , 2014 .

[7]  Filipe Magalhães,et al.  Damping Estimation Using Free Decays and Ambient Vibration Tests , 2010 .

[8]  James M. W. Brownjohn,et al.  Modeling and simulation of human-floor system under vertical vibration , 2001, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[9]  Chan Ghee Koh,et al.  Structural Identification and Damage Detection using Genetic Algorithms , 2010 .

[10]  Shahram Falati.  The contribution of non-structrual components to the overall dynamic behaviour of concrete floor slabs , 1999 .

[11]  John E. Mottershead,et al.  Finite Element Model Updating in Structural Dynamics , 1995 .

[12]  Filipe Magalhães,et al.  The Viana footbridge: construction and dynamic monitoring , 2013 .

[13]  Stuart Clifford Kerr.  Human induced loading on staircases , 1998 .

[14]  R. Fox,et al.  Rates of change of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. , 1968 .

[15]  Aleksandar Pavic,et al.  Experimental identification and analytical modelling of human walking forces: Literature review , 2009 .

[16]  Stana Živanović,et al.  Modeling Spatially Unrestricted Pedestrian Traffic on Footbridges , 2010 .

[17]  Christos T. Georgakis,et al.  Change in mass and damping on vertically vibrating footbridges due to pedestrians , 2013 .

[18]  Javier Fernando Jiménez-Alonso,et al.  Un modelo directo de interacción peatón-estructura para caracterizar las vibraciones inducidas por peatones en pasarelas esbeltas , 2014 .

[19]  Stephen J. Wright,et al.  Numerical Optimization , 2018, Fundamental Statistical Inference.

[20]  Luca Bruno,et al.  Crowd–structure interaction in footbridges: Modelling, application to a real case-study and sensitivity analyses , 2009 .

[21]  Anthony N. Burkitt,et al.  Computer-Simulation Methods , 1990 .

[22]  Christos T. Georgakis,et al.  Vertical Footbridge Vibrations: Details Regarding And Experimental Validation of the Response Spectrum Methodology , 2008 .

[23]  Paul Reynolds,et al.  Finite element modelling and updating of a lively footbridge: The complete process , 2007 .

[24]  P Dallard,et al.  The London Millennium Footbridge , 2001 .

[25]  Bryan Folz,et al.  Floor vibration due to occupants and reliability-based design guidelines , 1995 .

[26]  Paul Reynolds,et al.  Vibration serviceability of footbridges under human-induced excitation : a literature review , 2005 .

[27]  Luca Bruno,et al.  Crowd dynamics on a moving platform: Mathematical modelling and application to lively footbridges , 2007, Math. Comput. Model..

[28]  Jagmohan Humar,et al.  Dynamic of structures , 1989 .

[29]  D. Heermann.  Computer Simulation Methods in Theoretical Physics , 1986 .

[30]  Mira Mitra,et al.  Wavelet Methods for Dynamical Problems: With Application to Metallic, Composite, and Nano-Composite Structures , 2010 .

[31]  Hugo Bachmann,et al.  Vibrations in structures induced by man and machines , 1987 .

[32]  Anne Teughels,et al.  Inverse modelling of civil engineering structures based on operational modal data , 2003 .

[33]  Michael J. Griffin,et al.  Mathematical models for the apparent masses of standing subjects exposed to vertical whole-body vibration , 2003 .

[34]  Helbing,et al.  Social force model for pedestrian dynamics. , 1995, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.