Derived Azumaya algebras and generators for twisted derived categories

We introduce a notion of derived Azumaya algebras over ring and schemes generalizing the notion of Azumaya algebras of [Gr]. We prove that any such algebra B on a scheme X provides a class φ(B) in H et(X,Z) × H 2 et(X,Gm). We prove that for X a quasi-compact and quasi-separated scheme φ defines a bijective correspondence, and in particular that any class in H et(X,Gm), torsion or not, can be represented by a derived Azumaya algebra on X. Our result is a consequence of a more general theorem about the existence of compact generators in twisted derived categories, with coefficients in any local system of reasonable dg-categories, generalizing the well known existence of compact generators in derived categories of quasi-coherent sheaves of [Bo-Va]. A huge part of this paper concerns the treatment of twisted derived categories, as well as the proof that the existence of compact generator locally for the fppf topology implies the existence of a global compact generator. We present explicit examples of derived Azumaya algebras that are not represented by classical Azumaya algebras, as well as applications of our main result to the localization for twisted algebraic K-theory and to the stability of saturated dg-categories by direct push-forwards along smooth and proper maps.