Fault Tolerant Control of Automotive Air Conditioning Systems using a GIMC Structure

Although model-based fault tolerant control (FTC) has become prevalent in various engineering fields, its application to air-conditioning systems is limited due to the lack of control-oriented models to characterize the phase change of refrigerant in the vapor compression cycle. The emergence of moving boundary method (MBM) illuminates a promising way for FTC design. In this paper, we exploit a control-oriented nonlinear model comparable to MBM to design an FTC framework with a generalized internal model control (GIMC) approach. A fault detector and isolator (FDI) is developed to identify potential actuator and sensor faults. A fault compensator is employed to compensate these faults if detected. Comprehensive simulations are carried out to evaluate the developed FTC framework with promising results. Plant variations are explicitly considered to enhance the gain-scheduled FTC developments.

[1]  A. T. Miller,et al.  An Integrated Approach to Controls and Diagnostics: The 4-Parameter Controller , 1988, 1988 American Control Conference.

[2]  Jakob Stoustrup,et al.  Design of integrated systems for the control and detection of actuator/sensor faults , 1997 .

[3]  Ilya Kolmanovsky,et al.  H∞ Filtering for Cloud-Aided Semi-active Suspension with Delayed Road Information , 2015 .

[4]  Ella M. Atkins,et al.  Nonlinear control of semi-active suspension systems: A Quasi-Linear Control approach , 2016, 2016 American Control Conference (ACC).

[5]  Ella M. Atkins,et al.  Road Risk Modeling and Cloud-Aided Safety-Based Route Planning , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics.

[6]  B. Freyermuth,et al.  Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety for Technical Processes , 1992 .

[7]  Sirish L. Shah,et al.  Fuel Efficiency Modeling and Prediction for Automotive Vehicles: A Data-Driven Approach , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[8]  Srinivas Katipamula,et al.  Review Article: Methods for Fault Detection, Diagnostics, and Prognostics for Building Systems—A Review, Part I , 2005 .

[9]  Huijun Gao,et al.  Robust $H_{\infty }$ Self-Triggered Control of Networked Systems Under Packet Dropouts , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics.

[10]  Alex Karl Janecke.  A Comparison of Fault Detection Methods For a Transcritical Refrigeration System , 2012 .

[11]  Ella M. Atkins,et al.  Optimal State Estimation for Systems Driven by Jump–Diffusion Process With Application to Road Anomaly Detection , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.

[12]  Yi Xie,et al.  Distributed H∞ filtering over multiple-channel sensor networks with Markovian channel switching and time-varying delays , 2015, 2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC).

[13]  J. Doyle,et al.  Robust and optimal control , 1995, Proceedings of 35th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[14]  Daniel U. Campos-Delgado,et al.  Reconfigurable fault-tolerant control using GIMC structure , 2003, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[15]  Xunyuan Yin,et al.  Distributed State Estimation of Sensor-Network Systems Subject to Markovian Channel Switching With Application to a Chemical Process , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems.

[16]  Ella M. Atkins,et al.  Cloud aided semi-active suspension control , 2014, 2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Vehicles and Transportation Systems (CIVTS).

[17]  Shrivijay B. Phadke,et al.  Nonlinear Control for Dual Objective Active Suspension Systems , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[18]  Loo Hay Lee,et al.  Vehicle capacity planning system: a case study on vehicle routing problem with time windows , 2003, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A.

[19]  Xunyuan Yin,et al.  Robust Control of Networked Systems With Variable Communication Capabilities and Application to a Semi-Active Suspension System , 2016, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics.

[20]  Jie Chen,et al.  Robust Model-Based Fault Diagnosis for Dynamic Systems , 1998, The International Series on Asian Studies in Computer and Information Science.

[21]  Mehrdad Saif,et al.  Adaptive Fault Tolerant Control of a Half-Car Active Suspension Systems Subject to Random Actuator Failures , 2016, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics.

[22]  Marcello Canova,et al.  H∞ robust control of an automotive air conditioning system , 2014, 2014 American Control Conference.

[23]  H. Harry Asada,et al.  Multivariable control of vapor compression systems , 1998 .

[24]  Rahmat A. Shoureshi,et al.  Failure detection diagnostics for thermofluid systems , 1992 .

[25]  Cesare Alippi,et al.  Fault Diagnosis Systems , 2014 .

[26]  Mi-Ching Tsai,et al.  Robust and Optimal Control , 2014 .

[27]  M. V. Iordache,et al.  Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[28]  Andrew G. Alleyne,et al.  A dynamic model of a vapor compression cycle with shut-down and start-up operations , 2010 .

[29]  Youmin Zhang,et al.  Bibliographical review on reconfigurable fault-tolerant control systems , 2003, Annu. Rev. Control..

[30]  Ilya Kolmanovsky,et al.  Road anomaly estimation: Model based pothole detection , 2015, 2015 American Control Conference (ACC).

[31]  Zhang Ren,et al.  A new controller architecture for high performance, robust, and fault-tolerant control , 2001, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[32]  Andres Marcos,et al.  A robust integrated controller/diagnosis aircraft application , 2005 .

[33]  Bashir Ahmad,et al.  State estimation via Markov switching-channel network and application to suspension systems , 2017 .

[34]  Ella M. Atkins,et al.  Cloud aided safety-based route planning , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC).

[35]  Rolf Isermann,et al.  Trends in the Application of Model Based Fault Detection and Diagnosis of Technical Processes , 1996 .

[36]  Jakob Stoustrup,et al.  Integration of Control and Fault Detection: Nominal and Robust Design 1 , 1997 .

[37]  D.U. Campos-Delgado,et al.  Integrated fault-tolerant scheme for a DC speed drive , 2005, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics.

[38]  C. Park,et al.  Fault detection in an air-handling unit using residual and recursive parameter identification methods , 1996 .

[39]  Ilya Kolmanovsky,et al.  A New Clustering Algorithm for Processing GPS-Based Road Anomaly Reports With a Mahalanobis Distance , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[40]  Daniel Enrique Lucani,et al.  Bridging Cooperative Sensing and Route Planning of Autonomous Vehicles , 2012, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[41]  H. Harry Asada,et al.  Modeling of Vapor Compression Cycles for Multivariable Feedback Control of HVAC Systems , 1997 .

[42]  Daniel U. Campos-Delgado,et al.  Fault detection, isolation, and accommodation for LTI systems based on GIMC structure , 2008 .

[43]  J. Doyle,et al.  Essentials of Robust Control , 1997 .

[44]  Emilia Fridman,et al.  Event-Triggered $H_{\infty}$ Control: A Switching Approach , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[45]  Andrew G. Alleyne,et al.  Dynamic Modeling, Control, and Fault Detection in Vapor Compression Systems , 2006 .