An Uplink UE Group-Based Scheduling Technique for 5G mMTC Systems Over LEO Satellite

Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is one of the most promising IoT technology to support the massive machine-type communication (mMTC) scenarios of the fifth generation mobile communication (5G). While the aim of this technology is to provide global coverage to the low-cost IoT devices distributed all over the globe, the vital role of satellites to complement and extend the terrestrial IoT network in remote or under-served areas has been recognized. In the context of having the global IoT networks, low earth (LEO) orbits would be beneficial due to their smaller propagation signal loss, which for the low complexity, low power, and cheap IoT devices is of utmost importance to close the link-budget. However, while this would lessen the problem of large delay and signal loss in the geostationary (GEO) orbit, it would come up with increased Doppler effects. In this paper, we propose an uplink scheduling technique for a LEO satellite-based mMTC-NB-IoT system, able to mitigate the level of the differential Doppler down to a value tolerable by the IoT devices. The performance of the proposed strategy is validated through numerical simulations and the achievable data rates of the considered scenario are shown, in order to emphasize the limitations of such systems coming from the presence of a satellite channel.