Transformer monitoring using Kalman filtering

In this paper, we present a systems-theoretic approach to real-time in-situ monitoring of operating transformers. The most significant and novel result is the estimation of partial discharge buildup in transformers. In addition, it is capable of calculating secondary side power factor, and detecting voltage fluctuations, reactive buildup and core saturation. The paper discusses critical design considerations such as sampling time, model excitation, and system order. Concerns regarding power quality, reliability and resilience are increasing in the distribution grid with the injection of power from renewables. The algorithm presented here could help mitigate these by continuously monitoring transformer health and performance during operation.

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