Martensitic Transformation as a Typical Phase Transformation in Solids

Publisher Summary The chapter presents a discussion on martensitic transformation as a typical phase transformation in solids. Martensitic transformation is a polymorphic phase transition in solids consisting of the regular rearrangement of the crystal lattice, the constituent atoms of which do not interchange places. The transformation usually proceeds by means of the nucleation of new phase crystals inside the initial phase. These crystals form a complex heterophase system with a characteristic structure—that is, morphology, an internal substructure, and mutual arrangement of the individual phase components of the system. For different solids and under different conditions, both the kinetics and the morphology of the products may differ essentially. Nevertheless, some structure-morphological, thermodynamic, and kinetic features do exist that may be considered as typical of the martensitic transformations. The chapter presents a figure on the concrete data on the transformation in the Fe (30%) Ni alloy and other ferrous alloys. Regarding crystal nucleation kinetics, two types of martensitic transformations are distinguished: athermal and isothermal transformations. The chapter also presents the three general theoretical approaches of thermodynamics and kinetics of martensitic transformations. The concept of this study is based on the idea that martensitic transformation may be considered as a special type of phase transition (the so-called strain transition).

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