Nocturnal Heart Rate Variability Spectrum Characterization in Preschool Children With Asthmatic Symptoms

Asthma is a chronic lung disease that usually develops during childhood. Despite that symptoms can almost be controlled with medication, early diagnosis is desirable in order to reduce permanent airway obstruction risk. It has been suggested that abnormal parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) activity might be closely related with the pathogenesis of asthma, and that this PSNS activity could be reflected in cardiac vagal control. In this work, an index to characterize the spectral distribution of the high frequency (HF) component of heart rate variability (HRV), named peakness (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\wp$</tex-math></inline-formula>), is proposed. Three different implementations of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\wp$</tex-math></inline-formula>, based on electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings, impedance pneumography (IP) recordings and a combination of both, were employed in the characterization of a group of preschool children classified attending to their risk of developing asthma. Peakier components were observed in the HF band of those children classified as high-risk (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p < 0.005$</tex-math></inline-formula>), who also presented reduced sympathvoagal balance. Results suggest that high-risk of developing asthma might be related with a lack of adaptability of PSNS.