Three Birds One Stone: A Solution to Maximize Renewable Generation, Incentivize Battery Deployment, and Promote Green Transportation

This work develops a novel concept of combined stationary and mobile applications of battery energy storage systems attached to renewable energy farms to increase renewable energy resource utilization, incentivize large-scale energy storage deployment, and promote green electrical transportation. A data-driven, simulation-based optimization framework is established to obtain optimal design parameters (e.g., storage capacity, charger power ratings by solving a multi-objective optimization problem that aims to maximize the profitability, the absorbed renewable energy, and other performance indices. The two conventional, stationary applications are end-consumer arbitrage and frequency regulation. The mobile application is a future scenario in which a network of grid-independent battery-powered electric vehicle charging stations receives supplies from the battery energy storage system, creating a continuous DC demand that helps to generate more revenues. Results based on two operation modes (DC and AC priorities) and different sets of weights assigned to objectives are presented. This work will pave the road for real-world implementations in the future.