Simple Model of the Outflow from Starburst Galaxies: Application to Radio Observations

We present an analytical model for the hydrodynamic outflow from the disk of a starburst galaxy. The model is used to calculate the cosmic-ray propagation and the radio intensity distribution in the nuclear starburst region of NGC 253. We find that the cosmic-ray energy production rate of the central 600 pc of NGC 253 is about 3 × 1041 ergs s-1, which is about 15% of the total mechanical supernova power. For this inner region, we estimate a terminal outflow velocity of 900 km s-1 and a mass-loss rate of = 2-4 M☉ yr-1.

[1]  Jeremiah P. Ostriker,et al.  Particle Acceleration by Astrophysical Shocks , 1978 .

[2]  A. Bell.  The acceleration of cosmic rays in shock fronts – I , 1978 .

[3]  W. Pence.  A photometric and kinematic study of the barred spiral galaxy NGC 253. II. The velocity field. , 1981 .

[4]  E. Zweibel,et al.  Alfven Waves in Interstellar Gasdynamics , 1995 .

[5]  Multi-density model of the ionised gas in NGC 253 using radio recombination lines , 2004, astro-ph/0410676.

[6]  J. Ulvestad.  Circumnuclear Supernova Remnants and H II Regions in NGC 253 , 2000, astro-ph/0003476.

[7]  D. Strickland,et al.  Starburst-driven galactic winds — I. Energetics and intrinsic X-ray emission , 2000, astro-ph/0001395.

[8]  Giuseppina Fabbiano,et al.  X-ray spectra and large-scale features of two starburst galaxies - NGC 253 and M82 , 1988 .

[9]  R. Dewar.  INTERACTION BETWEEN HYDROMAGNETIC WAVES AND A TIME-DEPENDENT, INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIUM. , 1970 .

[10]  D. Wentzel.  Cosmic-Ray Propagation in the Galaxy: Collective Effects , 1974 .

[11]  An investigation of the star-burst model for radio emission from Seyfert galaxies. , 1982 .

[12]  D. L. Bertsch,et al.  Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission from the Starburst Galaxy NGC 253 , 1996 .

[13]  George K. Miley,et al.  On the nature and implications of starburst-driven galactic superwinds , 1990 .

[14]  T. M. Heckman,et al.  Chandra Observations of NGC 253. II. On the Origin of Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Halos of Starburst Galaxies , 2001, astro-ph/0111511.

[15]  R. Chevalier,et al.  Wind from a starburst galaxy nucleus , 1985, Nature.

[16]  Dinshaw S. Balsara,et al.  DYNAMICS AND X-RAY EMISSION OF A GALACTIC SUPERWIND INTERACTING WITH DISK AND HALO GAS , 1994 .

[17]  J. Contopoulos,et al.  Magnetically driven jets and winds: Exact solutions , 1994 .

[18]  James S. Ulvestad,et al.  VLA Observations of NGC 253: Supernova Remnants and H II Regions at 1 Parsec Resolution , 1997 .

[19]  James J. Condon,et al.  Radio Emission from Normal Galaxies , 1992 .

[20]  B. Berger,et al.  A model for winds from galactic disks , 1978 .

[21]  C. Carilli,et al.  Discovery of a Synchrotron-emitting Halo around NGC 253 , 1992 .

[22]  F. Israel,et al.  Low-Frequency Radio Continuum Evidence for Cool Ionized Gas in Normal Spiral Galaxies , 1990 .

[23]  M. Radovich,et al.  Far-infrared mapping of the starburst galaxy NGC 253 with ISOPHOT ? , 2001, astro-ph/0108075.

[24]  R. Blandford,et al.  Hydromagnetic flows from accretion discs and the production of radio jets , 1982 .

[25]  F. Ipavich.  Galactic winds driven by cosmic rays , 1975 .

[26]  W. D. Pence,et al.  A photometric and kinematic study of the barred spiral galaxy NGC 253 , 1980 .

[27]  A. Habe,et al.  Dynamical Behavior of Gaseous Halo in a Disk Galaxy. II -- Interaction with an Intergalactic-Gas Flow-- , 1980 .

[28]  R. Chevalier,et al.  Compact radio sources in the starburst galaxy M82 and the Sigma-D relation for supernova remnants , 1994 .

[29]  K. Tomisaka,et al.  Starburst Nucleus: Galactic Scale Bipolar Flow , 1988 .

[30]  W. P. S. Meikle,et al.  Erratum: Supernovae in the nuclear regions of starburst galaxies , 2001 .

[31]  Timothy A. D. Paglione,et al.  The Distribution of the Dense Clouds in the Starburst Nucleus of NGC 253 , 1995 .

[32]  E. Berezhko,et al.  The theory of synchrotron emission from supernova remnants , 2004, astro-ph/0408121.