Hierarchical control of active hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in DC microgrids

Energy storages can be characterized based on energy and power densities, ramp rate, etc. Hybridization takes advantages of all energy storages to enhance system performance. Hierarchical control which is comprised of both centralized and distributed control is proposed for HESS operation in this paper. In normal state, system operates with energy management system. The central controller is used to coordinate the power sharing among various energy storages based on their characteristics and operating statuses. In case of communication failure, distributed control which operates with local information is to be activated. The bus voltage is used as indicator for system power balance to realize distributed control of system units. MATLAB/Simulink is used for the verification of the proposed methods.

[1]  Seung-Woo Seo,et al.  Energy Management Optimization in a Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[2]  Adel Nasiri,et al.  A Hybrid System of Li-Ion Capacitors and Flow Battery for Dynamic Wind Energy Support , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[3]  Seung-Ki Sul,et al.  System Integration and Power Flow Management for a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle using Super-capacitors and Batteries , 2007, APEC 07 - Twenty-Second Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.

[4]  R.A. Dougal,et al.  Power enhancement of an actively controlled battery/ultracapacitor hybrid , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[5]  Kai Sun,et al.  A Distributed Control Strategy Based on DC Bus Signaling for Modular Photovoltaic Generation Systems With Battery Energy Storage , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[6]  Richard Duke,et al.  DC-Bus Signaling: A Distributed Control Strategy for a Hybrid Renewable Nanogrid , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[7]  Kai Ding,et al.  Battery-Management System (BMS) and SOC Development for Electrical Vehicles , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[8]  Alon Kuperman,et al.  Battery–ultracapacitor hybrids for pulsed current loads: A review , 2011 .

[9]  Srdjan M. Lukic,et al.  Energy Storage Systems for Automotive Applications , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[10]  Naehyuck Chang,et al.  Charge allocation for hybrid electrical energy storage systems , 2011, 2011 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE/ACM/IFIP International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis (CODES+ISSS).

[11]  M. Romer,et al.  Ragone Plot Comparison of Radioisotope Cells and the Direct Sodium Borohydride/Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cell With Chemical Batteries , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[12]  Mohsen Hamzeh,et al.  Active Power Management of Multihybrid Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor Power Conversion System in a Medium Voltage Microgrid , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[13]  Bernard Davat,et al.  Energy Management of a Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor/Battery Power Source for Electric Vehicular Applications , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[14]  Sheldon S. Williamson,et al.  A Novel Control Technique for a Switched-Capacitor-Converter-Based Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Storage System , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[15]  Seung-Ki Sul,et al.  System Integration and Power-Flow Management for a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Supercapacitors and Batteries , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[16]  Osama A. Mohammed,et al.  Real-Time Energy Management Algorithm for Mitigation of Pulse Loads in Hybrid Microgrids , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[17]  Wang Peng,et al.  Multiple modes control of household DC microgrid with integration of various renewable energy sources , 2013, IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[18]  Duong Tran,et al.  Composite Energy Storage System Involving Battery and Ultracapacitor With Dynamic Energy Management in Microgrid Applications , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[19]  Sheldon S. Williamson,et al.  Prototype Design and Controller Implementation for a Battery-Ultracapacitor Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Storage System , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[20]  Yi Tang,et al.  Implementation of Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[21]  Chunbo Zhu,et al.  Energetic Macroscopic Representation based modeling and control for battery/ultra-capacitor hybrid energy strorage system in HEV , 2009, 2009 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.

[22]  Youyi Wang,et al.  Electrical Characteristic Study of a Hybrid PEMFC and Ultracapacitor System , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.