Enzyme-Based Biosensors and Their Applications

Abstract Enzyme-based biosensors, using enzymes as the recognition elements and combining the inherent specificity of enzymes with the particular advantages of biosensors, have been extensively applied in numerous fields. This kind of biosensor constantly attracts the attention of researchers due to its tremendous potential for future bioanalysis, because of its high sensitivity and specificity. As reported in previous works, enzyme-based biosensors are composed of biocatalysts or immobilized materials, and the biocatalytic transformations are then generally transduced by optical and electronical electrodes. In other words, any optical or electrical change at the sensing surface will reflect the biological process occurring at the corresponding electrodes. Herein, this chapter will make a thorough discussion of various enzyme-based biosensors, including the main principle, signal transduction strategy, important applications, and recent progress. The future prospects are also discussed.