Improvement of the sputtered platinum utilization in proton exchange membrane fuel cells using plasma-based carbon nanofibres

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are complex nanostructures containing a catalyst (usually platinum), proton and electron conductors and pores. Their electrode performance is strongly influenced by the size, the repartition and the orientation of the nanoseparated materials used and the pores. This paper investigates the electrical performance achieved by three designs of plasma-prepared Pt/C electrodes with low Pt loadings (from 0.01 to 0.1 mg Pt cm −2 ). A plasma sputtering process was used for the synthesis of Pt nano-clusters in

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