4-Lump kinetic model for vacuum gas oil hydrocracker involving hydrogen consumption

A 4-lump kinetic model including hydrogen consumption for hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil in a pilot scale reactor is proposed. The advantage of this work over the previous ones is consideration of hydrogen consumption, imposed by converting vacuum gas oil to light products, which is implemented in the kinetic model by a quadratic expression as similar as response surface modeling. This approach considers vacuum gas oil (VGO) and unconverted oil as one lump whilst others are distillate, naphtha and gas. The pilot reactor bed is divided into hydrotreating and hydrocracking sections which are loaded with different types of catalysts. The aim of this paper is modeling the hydrocracking section, but the effect of hydrotreating is considered on the boundary condition of the hydrocracking part. The hydrocracking bed is considered as a plug flow reactor and it is modeled by the cellular network approach. Initially, a kinetic network with twelve coefficients and six paths is considered. But following evaluation using measured data and order of magnitude analysis, the three route passes and one activation energy coefficient are omitted; thus the number of coefficients is reduced to five. This approach improves the average absolute deviation of prediction from 7.2% to 5.92%. Furthermore, the model can predict the hydrogen consumption for hydrocracking with average absolute deviation about 8.59% in comparison to those calculated from experimental data.

[1]  H. Vogel.  Chemische Reaktionstechnik. Von M. Baerns, H. Hofmann und A. Renken. George Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1992. 428 S., mit 215 Abb. und 41 Tab., geb., DM 80,–. , 1994 .

[2]  Murray R. Gray,et al.  Lumped kinetics of hydrocracking of bitumen , 1997 .

[3]  Tarek Ahmed,et al.  Hydrocarbon Phase Behavior , 1989 .

[4]  Jinsen Gao,et al.  Seven-lump kinetic model for catalytic pyrolysis of heavy oil , 2007 .

[5]  Jorge Ancheyta,et al.  Modeling of Hydrodesulfurization (HDS), Hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), and the Hydrogenation of Aromatics (HDA) in a Vacuum Gas Oil Hydrotreater , 2004 .

[6]  Li Li,et al.  Catalytic pyrolysis of heavy oils : 8-lump kinetic model , 2006 .

[7]  A. Pandit,et al.  Liquid Phase RTD Studies in Sectionalized Bubble Column , 2000 .

[8]  Jorge Ancheyta,et al.  Kinetic modeling of hydrocracking of heavy oil fractions: A review , 2005 .

[9]  Jorge Ancheyta,et al.  Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Catalytic Hydrotreating Reactors , 2006 .

[10]  E. C. Sanford,et al.  Mild hydrocracking of bitumen-derived coker and hydrocracker heavy gas oils: kinetics, product yields, and product properties , 1989 .

[11]  María T. Martínez,et al.  Hydrocracking of a Maya Residue. Kinetics and Product Yield Distributions , 1999 .

[12]  Y. Korai,et al.  Effective supports to moderate H2S inhibition on cobalt and nickel molybdenum sulfide catalysts in deep desulfurization of gas oil , 2004 .

[13]  J. Ancheyta,et al.  Simulation and analysis of different quenching alternatives for an industrial vacuum gasoil hydrotreater , 2008 .

[14]  A. Marafi,et al.  A kinetic study on non-catalytic reactions in hydroprocessing Boscan crude oil , 2008 .

[15]  C. S. Hsu,et al.  Practical Advances in Petroleum Processing , 2006 .

[16]  R. S. Jones,et al.  Kinetic and thermodynamic lumping of multicomponent mixtures : Gianni Astarita and Stanley I. Sandler (Editors), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1991, 358 pp. Price Dfl. 295.00. ISBN-444-89032-7 , 1993 .

[17]  J. Ancheyta,et al.  Kinetic Model for Moderate Hydrocracking of Heavy Oils , 2005 .

[18]  Margaret J. Robertson,et al.  Design and Analysis of Experiments , 2006, Handbook of statistics.

[19]  Jasvinder Singh,et al.  Reaction pathways and product yields in mild thermal cracking of vacuum residues: A multi-lump kinetic model , 2005 .

[20]  J. Verstraete,et al.  Modeling fixed-bed residue hydrotreating processes , 2007 .

[21]  Richard O. Lynch,et al.  Introduction to Design and Analysis of Experiments , 1999, Technometrics.

[22]  J. R. Bernard,et al.  Fluid catalytic cracking: modelling of an industrial riser , 1996 .

[23]  J. F. Mosby,et al.  Process characterization of expanded-bed reactors in series , 1986 .

[24]  D. Mears,et al.  The role of axial dispersion in trickle-flow laboratory reactors , 1971 .

[25]  V. Pareek,et al.  Particle residence time distribution (RTD) in three-phase annular bubble column reactor , 2001 .

[26]  K. S. Balaraman,et al.  Three-Phase Reactor Model to Simulate the Performance of Pilot-Plant and Industrial Trickle-Bed Reactors Sustaining Hydrotreating Reactions , 2004 .

[27]  Felipe López-Isunza,et al.  5-Lump kinetic model for gas oil catalytic cracking , 1999 .

[28]  Jing Guo,et al.  Modeling of trickle-bed reactors with exothermic reactions using cell network approach , 2008 .

[29]  G. Froment,et al.  Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design , 1979 .

[30]  J. Ancheyta-Juárez,et al.  Catalytic hydrotreating of middle distillates blends in a fixed-bed pilot reactor , 2001 .

[31]  K. S. Balaraman,et al.  A Four Lump Kinetic Model for the Simulation of the Hydrocracking Process , 2005 .

[32]  David Jones,et al.  Modeling residence time distribution in a twin-screw extruder as a series of ideal steady-state flow reactors , 2008 .

[33]  J.A.M. Kuipers,et al.  Effect of internal filtration on slurry reactor performance , 1999 .

[34]  T. Tatsumi,et al.  Development of heavy oil hydrocracking catalysts using amorphous silica-alumina and zeolites as catalyst supports , 2002 .

[35]  Deoki N. Saraf,et al.  Modeling of a hydrocracking reactor , 1991 .

[36]  Roberto Galiasso Tailleur,et al.  Effect of catalyst deactivation on mild hydrocracking reactions , 2005, Comput. Chem. Eng..

[37]  F. J. Krambeck,et al.  AN INDUSTRIAL VIEWPOINT ON LUMPING , 1991 .

[38]  R. J. Angelici.  An overview of modeling studies in HDS, HDN and HDO catalysis , 1997 .

[39]  Murray R. Gray,et al.  Kinetics of Hydrocracking and Hydrotreating of Coker and Oilsands Gas Oils , 2003 .

[40]  Reginaldo Guirardello,et al.  Hydroconversion kinetics of Marlim vacuum residue , 2005 .

[41]  J. Ancheyta,et al.  Modeling residue hydroprocessing in a multi-fixed-bed reactor system , 2008 .