Remote data integrity probability detection method and system

The invention provides a remote data integrity probability detection method. The method includes that when a data owner establishes a detection public-private secret key, the data owner divides original data into multiple data blocks and uses the detection public-private secret key to generate multiple detection labels corresponding to the data blocks in a one-to-one manner; a detection end determines number of the data blocks which are detected according to a probability detection and estimation model and selects the detected data blocks according to the number; the detection end generating a challenge message according to the detected data blocks and sends the challenge message to a server; the server generates a certification value according to the challenge message and the detected data blocks and returns the certification value back to the detection end; the detection end generates a local detection value according to the detection labels corresponding to the challenge message and the detected data blocks, compares the local detection value with the certification value and judges that the server holds a completely correct file if the local detection value is equal to the certification value. By the method, high-probability file integrity detection is realized with small calculation quantity, and detection can be performed publicly.