FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF STARS USING ASTEROSEISMOLOGY FROM KEPLER AND CoRoT AND INTERFEROMETRY FROM THE CHARA ARRAY

We present results of a long-baseline interferometry campaign using the PAVO beam combiner at the CHARA Array to measure the angular sizes of five main-sequence stars, one subgiant and four red giant stars for which solar-like oscillations have been detected by either Kepler or CoRoT. By combining interferometric angular diameters, Hipparcos parallaxes, asteroseismic densities, bolometric fluxes, and high-resolution spectroscopy, we derive a full set of near-model-independent fundamental properties for the sample. We first use these properties to test asteroseismic scaling relations for the frequency of maximum power (?max) and the large frequency separation (??). We find excellent agreement within the observational uncertainties, and empirically show that simple estimates of asteroseismic radii for main-sequence stars are accurate to 4%. We furthermore find good agreement of our measured effective temperatures with spectroscopic and photometric estimates with mean deviations for stars between T eff = 4600-6200 K of ?22 ? 32 K (with a scatter of 97?K) and ?58 ? 31 K (with a scatter of 93?K), respectively. Finally, we present a first comparison with evolutionary models, and find differences between observed and theoretical properties for the metal-rich main-sequence star HD?173701. We conclude that the constraints presented in this study will have strong potential for testing stellar model physics, in particular when combined with detailed modeling of individual oscillation frequencies.

[1]  Hiroyuki Mito,et al.  The IRSA 2MASS all-sky point source catalog , 2008 .

[2]  L. Casagrande,et al.  FIDUCIAL STELLAR POPULATION SEQUENCES FOR THE VJKS PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM , 2010, 1010.0247.

[3]  Conny Aerts,et al.  Gravity modes as a way to distinguish between hydrogen- and helium-burning red giant stars , 2011, Nature.

[4]  P. Gaulme,et al.  The CoRoT target HD 175726: an active star with weak solar-like oscillations , 2009, 0908.2244.

[5]  Solar-like oscillations in the F9 V β Virginis ☆ , 2005, astro-ph/0502014.

[6]  Newly discovered active binaries in the RasTyc sample of stellar X-ray sources. I. Orbital and physi , 2006, astro-ph/0610591.

[7]  A secondary clump of red giant stars: why and where , 1999, astro-ph/9901319.

[8]  S. Deheuvels,et al.  Constraints on the structure of the core of subgiants via mixed modes: the case of HD 49385 , 2011, 1109.1191.

[9]  To Appear in ApJ Preprint typeset using L ATEX style emulateapj v. 6/22/04 THE EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE SCALE OF FGK STARS. II. Teff: COLOR: [Fe/H] CALIBRATIONS , 2008 .

[10]  Jason T. Wright,et al.  Solar-like Oscillations in α Centauri B , 2005, astro-ph/0508609.

[11]  J. E. O'Donnell R(sub nu)-dependent optical and near-ultraviolet extinction , 1994 .

[12]  P. Tenenbaum,et al.  VERIFYING ASTEROSEISMICALLY DETERMINED PARAMETERS OF KEPLER STARS USING HIPPARCOS PARALLAXES: SELF-CONSISTENT STELLAR PROPERTIES AND DISTANCES , 2012, 1208.6294.

[13]  Magali Deleuil,et al.  Non-radial oscillation modes with long lifetimes in giant stars , 2009, Nature.

[14]  S. Ridgway,et al.  ANGULAR DIAMETERS OF THE HYADES GIANTS MEASURED WITH THE CHARA ARRAY , 2008, 0810.2238.

[15]  M. F. Andersen,et al.  Atmospheric parameters of 82 red giants in the Kepler field , 2012, 1205.5642.

[16]  P. Gaulme,et al.  Global asteroseismic properties of solar-like oscillations observed by Kepler: a comparison of complementary analysis methods , 2011, 1105.0571.

[17]  R. Stein,et al.  THE MASS MIXING LENGTH IN CONVECTIVE STELLAR ENVELOPES , 2011, 1102.1102.

[18]  J. Schou,et al.  SEISMIC EVIDENCE FOR A RAPIDLY ROTATING CORE IN A LOWER-GIANT-BRANCH STAR OBSERVED WITH KEPLER , 2012, 1206.3312.

[19]  Timothy M. Brown,et al.  KEPLER INPUT CATALOG: PHOTOMETRIC CALIBRATION AND STELLAR CLASSIFICATION , 2011, 1102.0342.

[20]  S. T. Ridgway,et al.  First Results from the CHARA Array. II. A Description of the Instrument , 2005 .

[21]  Juri Toomre,et al.  SOHO 18/GONG 2006/HELAS I Beyond the spherical Sun , 2006 .

[22]  M. Deleuil,et al.  Oscillating red giants in the CoRoT exofield: asteroseismic mass and radius determination , 2008, 0811.4674.

[23]  S. Ridgway,et al.  CHARA Array Measurements of the Angular Diameters of Exoplanet Host Stars , 2008, 0803.1411.

[24]  P. Flower,et al.  Transformations from Theoretical Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams to Color-Magnitude Diagrams: Effective Temperatures, B-V Colors, and Bolometric Corrections , 1996 .

[25]  B. Freytag,et al.  in Modelling of Stellar Atmospheres , 2004 .

[26]  C. Aerts,et al.  Discovery of solar-like oscillations in the red giant $\varepsilon$ Ophiuchi , 2006 .

[27]  Howard Isaacson,et al.  Kepler Planet-Detection Mission: Introduction and First Results , 2010, Science.

[28]  C. Soubiran,et al.  On the correlation of elemental abundances with kinematics among galactic disk stars , 2004, astro-ph/0401234.

[29]  T. Appourchaux,et al.  ASTEROSEISMIC FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF SOLAR-TYPE STARS OBSERVED BY THE NASA KEPLER MISSION , 2013, 1310.4001.

[30]  P. Gaulme,et al.  CONSTRUCTING A ONE-SOLAR-MASS EVOLUTIONARY SEQUENCE USING ASTEROSEISMIC DATA FROM KEPLER , 2011, 1108.2031.

[31]  Santiago Arribas,et al.  The effective temperature scale of giant stars (F0–K5) - II. Empirical calibration of versus colours and [Fe/H] , 1999 .

[32]  J. De Ridder,et al.  TESTING SCALING RELATIONS FOR SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS FROM THE MAIN SEQUENCE TO RED GIANTS USING KEPLER DATA , 2011, 1109.3460.

[33]  Laszlo Sturmann,et al.  STELLAR DIAMETERS AND TEMPERATURES. I. MAIN-SEQUENCE A, F, AND G STARS , 2011, 1112.3316.

[34]  D. Sasselov,et al.  Nonradial p-modes in the G9.5 giant $\epsilon$ Ophiuchi? Pulsation model fits to MOST photometry , 2007, 0711.0837.

[35]  P. Hauschildt,et al.  Surface convection and red-giant radius measurements , 2010, 1010.3649.

[36]  L. Bigot,et al.  The diameter of the CoRoT target HD 49933 - Combining the 3D limb darkening, asteroseismology, and interferometry , 2011, 1110.0985.

[37]  M. R. Haas,et al.  INITIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF KEPLER LONG CADENCE DATA FOR DETECTING TRANSITING PLANETS , 2010, 1001.0256.

[38]  H.-G. Ludwig,et al.  On the Limb Darkening, Spectral Energy Distribution, and Temperature Structure of Procyon , 2005, astro-ph/0507336.

[39]  P. Gaulme,et al.  A fresh look at the seismic spectrum of HD49933: analysis of 180 days of CoRoT photometry , 2009, 0910.3060.

[40]  R. H. Brown,et al.  The effects of limb darkening on measurements of angular size with an intensity interferometer , 1974 .

[41]  J. Ridder,et al.  Red-giant seismic properties analyzed with CoRoT , 2010, 1004.0449.

[42]  F. Bouchy,et al.  Solar-like oscillations in the G8 V star τ Ceti , 2008, 0811.3989.

[43]  M. Skrutskie,et al.  The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) , 2006 .

[44]  P. Morel,et al.  CESAM: a free code for stellar evolution calculations , 2008, 0801.2019.

[45]  T. Appourchaux,et al.  RADIUS DETERMINATION OF SOLAR-TYPE STARS USING ASTEROSEISMOLOGY: WHAT TO EXPECT FROM THE KEPLER MISSION , 2009, 0906.0766.

[46]  Ellyn K. Baines,et al.  ELEVEN EXOPLANET HOST STAR ANGULAR DIAMETERS FROM THE CHARA ARRAY , 2009, 0906.2702.

[47]  Eduardo Janot-Pacheco,et al.  Modelling rapid rotators for stellar interferometry , 2002 .

[48]  Michael S. Bessell,et al.  Spectrophotometric Libraries, Revised Photonic Passbands, and Zero Points for UBVRI, Hipparcos, and Tycho Photometry , 2011, 1112.2698.

[49]  Caltech,et al.  ASTROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS AND HABITABLE ZONE OF THE EXOPLANET HOSTING STAR GJ 581 , 2011, 1102.0237.

[50]  Michael S. Bessell,et al.  The Hipparcos and Tycho Photometric System Passbands , 2000 .

[51]  Hans Kjeldsen,et al.  CALCULATING ASTEROSEISMIC DIAGRAMS FOR SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS , 2011, 1109.3455.

[52]  S. D. Kawaler,et al.  University of Birmingham Asteroseismology of the solar analogs 16 Cyg A and B from Kepler observations , 2012 .

[53]  Wm. A. Wheaton,et al.  Spectral Irradiance Calibration in the Infrared. XIV. The Absolute Calibration of 2MASS , 2003, astro-ph/0304350.

[54]  J. De Ridder,et al.  Solar-like oscillations in red giants observed with Kepler: comparison of global oscillation parameters from different methods , 2010, 1008.2959.

[55]  William J. Chaplin,et al.  AN IN-DEPTH STUDY OF GRID-BASED ASTEROSEISMIC ANALYSIS , 2010, 1009.3018.

[56]  L. Colina,et al.  The 0.12-2.5 micron Absolute Flux Distribution of the Sun for Comparison With Solar Analog Stars , 1996 .

[57]  Timothy M. Brown,et al.  Detection of possible p-mode oscillations on Procyon , 1991 .

[58]  J. M. Matthews,et al.  Asteroseismology of red giants from the first four months of Kepler data: Fundamental stellar parameters , 2010, 1010.4589.

[59]  M. Asplund,et al.  Three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of red giant stars: semi-global models for interpreting interferometric observations , 2010, 1009.1745.

[60]  C. Aerts,et al.  Spectroscopic determination of the fundamental parameters of 66 B-type stars in the field-of-view of the CoRoT satellite , 2009, 0910.2851.

[61]  J.-C. Mermilliod,et al.  The General Catalogue of Photometric Data (GCPD). II. , 1997 .

[62]  Andrea Miglio,et al.  Table of Contents of: "Red Giants as Probes of the Structure and Evolution of the Milky Way" , 2011, 1108.4406.

[63]  Michel Casse,et al.  Origin and evolution of the elements , 1993 .

[64]  P. Gaulme,et al.  Solar-like oscillations in HD 181420: data analysis of 156 days of CoRoT data , 2009 .

[65]  T. Bedding Solar-like Oscillations: An Observational Perspective , 2011, 1107.1723.

[66]  F. Grundahl,et al.  Confirmation of solar-like oscillations in eta Bootis , 2003 .

[67]  J. Ridder,et al.  Probing populations of red giants in the galactic disk with CoRoT , 2009, 0908.0210.

[68]  R. Paul Butler,et al.  Oscillation Frequencies and Mode Lifetimes in α Centauri A , 2004, astro-ph/0406471.

[69]  C. Soubiran,et al.  High precision effective temperatures for 181 F-K dwarfs from line-depth ratios ?;?? , 2003, astro-ph/0308429.

[70]  D. Queloz,et al.  Spectroscopic parameters for 451 stars in the HARPS GTO planet search program - Stellar [Fe/H] and the frequency of exo-Neptunes , 2008, 0805.4826.

[71]  P. Quirion,et al.  Automated extraction of oscillation parameters for Kepler observations of solar-type stars , 2009, 0910.2764.

[72]  R. Drimmel,et al.  A three-dimensional Galactic extinction model , 2003, astro-ph/0307273.

[73]  J. De Ridder,et al.  Characterization of red giant stars in the public Kepler data , 2011, 1103.0141.

[74]  F. V. Leeuwen Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction , 2007, 0708.1752.

[75]  Wm. A. Wheaton,et al.  2MASS All Sky Catalog of point sources. , 2003 .

[76]  W. J. Tango,et al.  Orbital Solution & Fundamental Parameters of sigma Scorpii , 2007 .

[77]  L. Casagrande,et al.  AN EXAMINATION OF RECENT TRANSFORMATIONS TO THE BV(RI)C PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF STELLAR MODELS FOR OLD STARS , 2010, 1009.5704.

[78]  J. Ridder,et al.  Detection of solar-like oscillations in the red giant star $\epsilon$ Ophiuchi by MOST spacebased photometry , 2007 .

[79]  S. Cassisi,et al.  A Large Stellar Evolution Database for Population Synthesis Studies. I. Scaled Solar Models and Isochrones , 2004, astro-ph/0405193.

[80]  P. Quirion,et al.  Accurate fundamental parameters and detailed abundance patterns from spectroscopy of 93 solar-type Kepler targets , 2012 .

[81]  Portugal,et al.  The Helium content and age of the Hyades: Constraints from five binary systems and Hipparcos parallaxes , 2001, astro-ph/0105497.

[82]  G. Handler,et al.  Kepler Asteroseismology Program: Introduction and First Results , 2009, 1001.0139.

[83]  F. Thevenin,et al.  The angular sizes of dwarf stars and subgiants Surface brightness relations calibrated by interferometry , 2004, astro-ph/0404180.

[84]  David R. Alexander,et al.  Low-Temperature Opacities , 2005, astro-ph/0502045.

[85]  F. Grundahl,et al.  Asteroseismic inferences on red giants in open clusters NGC 6791, NGC 6819, and NGC 6811 using Kepler , 2011, 1104.4393.

[86]  J. De Ridder,et al.  Characterization of the power excess of solar-like oscillations in red giants with Kepler , 2011, 1110.0980.

[87]  P. Morel,et al.  Fundamental properties of the Population II fiducial stars HD 122563 and Gmb 1830 from CHARA interferometric observations , 2012, 1207.5954.

[88]  William J. Chaplin,et al.  EFFECT OF UNCERTAINTIES IN STELLAR MODEL PARAMETERS ON ESTIMATED MASSES AND RADII OF SINGLE STARS , 2011, 1111.6976.

[89]  R. Paul Butler,et al.  Solar-like Oscillations in the G2 Subgiant β Hydri from Dual-Site Observations , 2007 .

[90]  William J. Chaplin,et al.  DETERMINATION OF STELLAR RADII FROM ASTEROSEISMIC DATA , 2009, 0909.0506.

[91]  S. Ridgway,et al.  Asteroseismology and interferometry of the red giant star Ophiuchi , 2009, 0906.3386.

[92]  E. Covino,et al.  Further identification of ROSAT all-sky survey sources in Orion , 2003 .

[93]  J. Sturmann,et al.  The radius and mass of the close solar twin 18 Scorpii derived from asteroseismology and interferometry , 2011, 1209.0217.

[94]  A. Matter,et al.  Three-dimensional interferometric, spectrometric, and planetary views of Procyon , 2012, 1201.3264.

[95]  S. Bloemen,et al.  Gravity and limb-darkening coefficients for the Kepler, CoRoT, Spitzer, uvby, UBVRIJHK, and Sloan photometric systems , 2011 .

[96]  Signatures of Convection in teh Spectrum of Procyon: Fundamental Parametrs and Iron Abundance , 2001, astro-ph/0111055.

[97]  G. Torres ON THE USE OF EMPIRICAL BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS FOR STARS , 2010, 1008.3913.

[98]  N. Santos,et al.  Spectroscopic parameters for a sample of metal-rich solar-type stars , 2006 .

[99]  L. Bigot,et al.  The limb darkening of $\mathsf{\alpha}$ Centauri B - Matching 3D hydrodynamical models with interferometric measurements , 2006 .

[100]  J. Ridder,et al.  Characteristics of solar-like oscillations in red giants observed in the CoRoT exoplanet field , 2009, 0906.5002.

[101]  M. Holman,et al.  IMPROVED SPECTROSCOPIC PARAMETERS FOR TRANSITING PLANET HOSTS , 2012, 1208.1268.

[102]  浅井 歩 日本天文学会 早川幸男基金による渡航報告書 : 36th COSPAR Scientific Assembly , 2006 .

[103]  Travis S. Metcalfe,et al.  A REVISED EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE SCALE FOR THE KEPLER INPUT CATALOG , 2011, 1110.4456.

[104]  Jason T. Wright,et al.  Chromospheric Ca II Emission in Nearby F, G, K, and M Stars , 2004, astro-ph/0402582.

[105]  P. Demarque,et al.  The case of Alpha Centauri - Mass, age and p-mode oscillation spectrum , 1986 .

[106]  M. A. C. Perryman,et al.  The Hipparcos and Tycho catalogues : astrometric and photometric star catalogues derived from the ESA Hipparcos Space Astrometry Mission , 1997 .

[107]  R. Paul Butler,et al.  A Multisite Campaign to Measure Solar-like Oscillations in Procyon. I. Observations, Data Reduction, and Slow Variations , 2008, 0807.3794.

[108]  H. Kjeldsen,et al.  CoRoT sounds the stars: p-mode parameters of Sun-like oscillations on HD 49933 , 2008 .

[109]  N. C. Santos,et al.  Spectroscopic [Fe/H] for 98 extra-solar planet-host stars. Exploring the probability of planet formation , 2003 .

[110]  J. Mathis,et al.  The relationship between infrared, optical, and ultraviolet extinction , 1989 .

[111]  T. Appourchaux,et al.  A UNIFORM ASTEROSEISMIC ANALYSIS OF 22 SOLAR-TYPE STARS OBSERVED BY KEPLER , 2012, 1202.2844.

[112]  Peter G. Tuthill,et al.  Sensitive visible interferometry with PAVO , 2008, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[113]  N. Grevesse,et al.  In: Origin and Evolution of the elements , 1993 .

[114]  Arthur D. Code,et al.  Empirical effective temperatures and bolometric corrections for early-type stars , 1976 .

[115]  JØrgen Christensen-Dalsgaard Physics of solar-like oscillations , 2004 .

[116]  M. Pinsonneault,et al.  The Distances to Open Clusters from Main-Sequence Fitting. I. New Models and a Comparison with the Properties of the Hyades Eclipsing Binary VB 22 , 2003 .

[117]  A. Weiss,et al.  STELLAR AGES AND CONVECTIVE CORES IN FIELD MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS: FIRST ASTEROSEISMIC APPLICATION TO TWO KEPLER TARGETS , 2013, 1304.2772.

[118]  D. Guenther,et al.  The nature of p-modes and granulation in HD 49933 observed by CoRoT , 2008, 0811.4686.

[119]  J. Valenti,et al.  Spectroscopic Properties of Cool Stars (SPOCS). I. 1040 F, G, and K Dwarfs from Keck, Lick, and AAT Planet Search Programs , 2005 .

[120]  H. Bruntt CoRoT space mission : early results Special feature Accurate fundamental parameters of CoRoT asteroseismic targets The solar-like stars HD 49933 , HD 175726 , HD 181420 , and HD 181906 , 2009 .

[121]  Russel J. White,et al.  STELLAR DIAMETERS AND TEMPERATURES. II. MAIN-SEQUENCE K- AND M-STARS , 2012, 1208.2431.

[122]  D. Buzasi,et al.  ASTEROSEISMOLOGY OF RED GIANTS FROM THE FIRST FOUR MONTHS OF KEPLER DATA: GLOBAL OSCILLATION PARAMETERS FOR 800 STARS , 2010, 1010.4566.

[123]  S. D. Kawaler,et al.  Ensemble Asteroseismology of Solar-Type Stars with the NASA Kepler Mission , 2011, Science.

[124]  Mercedes Lopez-Morales,et al.  55 CANCRI: STELLAR ASTROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS, A PLANET IN THE HABITABLE ZONE, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE RADIUS OF A TRANSITING SUPER-EARTH , 2011, 1106.1152.

[125]  C. Prieto,et al.  FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ARCTURUS , 2011, 1109.4425.

[126]  Kjell Eriksson,et al.  A grid of MARCS model atmospheres for late-type stars. I. Methods and general properties , 2008, 0805.0554.

[127]  Kaspar von Braun,et al.  DIRECTLY DETERMINED LINEAR RADII AND EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES OF EXOPLANET HOST STARS , 2009, 0901.1206.

[128]  Predicting Stellar Angular Sizes , 1999, astro-ph/9904295.

[129]  J. Ridder,et al.  Solar-like oscillations in red giants observed with Kepler: influence of increased timespan on global oscillation parameters , 2012, 1207.0615.

[130]  H A McAlister,et al.  HD 181068: A Red Giant in a Triply Eclipsing Compact Hierarchical Triple System , 2011, Science.

[131]  M. R. Haas,et al.  Kepler Mission Design, Realized Photometric Performance, and Early Science , 2010, 1001.0268.

[132]  P. Aguer,et al.  A compilation of charged-particle induced thermonuclear reaction rates , 1999 .

[133]  Nikolai Piskunov,et al.  Modelling of Stellar Atmospheres , 2003 .

[134]  Paul G. Beck,et al.  Fast core rotation in red-giant stars as revealed by gravity-dominated mixed modes , 2011, Nature.

[135]  Fabien Carrier,et al.  Solar-like oscillations in the K1 dwarf star alpha Cen B , 2003 .

[136]  R. K. Ulrich,et al.  Determination of stellar ages from asteroseismology , 1986 .

[137]  M. Asplund,et al.  The chemical composition of the Sun , 2009, 0909.0948.