This paper reviews the current eutrophication status of China's lakes. Details of the most eutrophic ‘Three Lakes’, i.e. Dianchi Lake, Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake, are given. Based on an explanation of its causes, policies and technologies currently in practice in addition to research towards combating the eutrophication are illustrated using some specific cases. Finally, some management issues and long-term combating strategies are discussed. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry