Three‐Dimensional Network Photonic Crystals via Cyclic Size Reduction/ Infiltration of Sea Urchin Exoskeleton

Many naturally occurring solids possess periodic structures that give rise to visible photonic crystal properties, commonly termed structural colors. Some stunning examples are butterfly wings (one-dimensional, 1-D), abalone shells (1D), sea mouse spines (two-dimensional, 2-D), and natural opals(three-dimensional, 3-D). Exploitation of other periodic natural structures is, however, limited by the inherently large size scale and the low dielectric contrast of the materials. Furthermore, these generally more complex geometries are a challenge to model correctly in order to obtain correct band diagrams. Here we report the development of a high-fidelity, cyclic, sizereduction and infiltration scheme and apply it to a sea urchin exoskeleton to successfully fabricate a highdielectric contrast, 3-D photonic crystal exhibiting a stop band in the mid-IR range. The band structure of the exoskeleton is modeled using level set mathematics and agrees well with the experimental reflectivity exhibited by the 3-D bi-continuous tellurium network of the replicated urchin.