System integration for producing microalgae as biofuel feedstock

Although a promising technology, using microalgae as feedstock for biofuel production faces a broad range of grand challenges to become technologically and economically viable. Growing algae for fuel production involves altering the culture conditions and processes toward maximum accumulation of biomass, especially lipid. Commercial success of such targeted use requires optimal combination of processes and culture environments so that maximum value from algae biomass will be achieved with high productivity, minimal inputs, sustainable resources and lowest possible costs. A systematic approach and process integration are critical factors in a successful future for algal biorefineries. This article presents opinions and supporting literature on: employing physiological characteristics of algae for increasing biomass productivity and lipid accumulation, opportunities for producing co-products, water resource conservation, nutrient recycling, CO2 capture and delivery and process integration with downstream processing. While various information gaps still need to be filled, the available knowledge base clearly demonstrates the need for system integration.