Geographical Information System Modeling of Groundwater Potentiality in the Northeastern Part of the United Arab Emirates
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Digitized grid maps on the hydrogeology, groundwater chemistry and quality, soil classification, geologic structures and drainage lines, were used along with the ArcView GIS 3.2 package to construct an analytical GIS groundwater-potential model for the Al Dhaid area, in the eastern part of al Sharjah Emirate, United Arab Emirates. Cross-correlation of model output zoned maps was performed to identify areas of high groundwater potential for domestic and agricultural purposes. Results of the GIS model indicate that the eastern strip of the eastern Sharjah Emirate (Al Dhaid region) has the highest groundwater potential. The strip is located close to the recharge area in the Northern Oman Mountains and is dominated by intersections of the Dibba zone, Hatta zone and Wadi Ham structural trends, which seem to control groundwater-flow velocity and recharge rate. The strip is also characterized by fresh (total dissolved solids < 1,500 mg/l), soft (total hardness < 80 mg/l) groundwater suitable for domestic uses. Results also show that the northern and southern central parts of the study area are favorable for agriculture because both areas have cultivable soil types (Calciorthids, Torrifluvents and Torripsaments-2) and shallow groundwater (< 45 m deep) of appropriate quality (total dissolved solids < 3,000 mg/l and sodium adsorption ratio < 10). Because the eastern strip and channels of major wadis in the study area have several water wells used mainly for domestic and agricultural purposes, it is proposed to minimize or even prohibit urban and industrial activities in the upstream side of these wells and assign it as a groundwater protection zone in order to secure and maintain the present supply of good-quality groundwater.
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