A Survey of Lexical Functional Grammar in the Arabic Contex

Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) plays a vital role in the area of Natural Language Processing (NLP). LFG is considered as the constraint-based philosophy of grammar. C-structure and F-structure are the two basic forms of LFG. We have perceived from the existing literature that LFG has not studied in details; the reason that encouraged us to work on this study. This study highlights the brief history of LFG along with its architecture. Arabic language along with its parsing techniques is demonstrated. Moreover, this study addresses the efforts that LFG played in resolving various NLP issues. New trends have been triggered while conducting this survey and have been demonstrated for pursuing further research.

[1]  Khaled Shaalan,et al.  Rule-based Approach in Arabic Natural Language Processing , 2010 .

[2]  Mahmud S. Alkoffash,et al.  Context-Free Grammar Analysis for Arabic Sentences , 2012 .

[3]  G. Ayoub.  Structure de la phrase verbale en arabe standard , 1981 .

[4]  Michael Collins,et al.  A New Statistical Parser Based on Bigram Lexical Dependencies , 1996, ACL.

[5]  André Jaccarini.  A modifiable structural editor of grammars for arabic processing , 2001 .

[6]  Everhard Ditters,et al.  A Formal Grammar for the Description of Sentence Structure in Modern Standard Arabic , 2001 .

[7]  Muhammad Ali Al-Khuli,et al.  A CONTRASTIVE TRANSFORMATIONAL GRAMMAR : Arabic and English , 1979 .

[8]  Bilal Bataineh,et al.  An Efficient Recursive Transition Network Parser for Arabic Language , 2009 .

[9]  Ahmad T. Al-Taani,et al.  A top-down chart parser for analyzing arabic sentences , 2012, Int. Arab J. Inf. Technol..

[10]  Boumediene Belkhouche,et al.  Parse Trees of Arabic Sentences Using the Natural Language Toolkit , 2012 .

[11]  Khaled Shaalan,et al.  A Hybrid Approach for Building Arabic Diacritizer , 2009, SEMITIC@EACL.

[12]  Andy Way,et al.  Automatic annotation of the Penn-treebank with LFG f-structureinformation , 2002 .

[13]  Hisham El-Shishiny.  A Formal Description of Arabic Syntax in Definite Clause Grammar , 1990, COLING.

[14]  J. Bresnan.  Lexical-Functional Syntax , 2000 .

[15]  Khaled Shaalan,et al.  Towards An Arabic Parser for Modern Scientific Text , 2000 .

[16]  Ann Bies,et al.  The Penn Treebank: Annotating Predicate Argument Structure , 1994, HLT.

[17]  Ahmed A. Rafea,et al.  Lexical analysis of inflected Arabic words using exhaustive search of an augmented transition network , 1993, Softw. Pract. Exp..

[18]  Ann Bies,et al.  Developing an Arabic Treebank: Methods, Guidelines, Procedures, and Tools , 2004 .

[19]  Khaled Shaalan,et al.  A Survey of Intelligent Language Tutoring Systems , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI).

[20]  A. Frank.  Automatic F-Structure Annotation of Treebank Trees and CFGs extracted from Treebanks , 2003 .

[21]  Michael C. McCord,et al.  An Arabic Slot Grammar Parser , 2007, SEMITIC@ACL.

[22]  Josef van Genabith,et al.  Parsing Arabic using treebank-based LFG resources , 2009 .

[23]  Andy Way,et al.  Automatic F-Structure Annotation from the AP Treebank , 2000 .

[24]  M. Bakir.  Aspects of clause structure in Arabic : a study in word order variation in literary Arabic , 1979 .

[25]  Nizar Habash,et al.  Challenges in Building an Arabic-English GHMT System with SMT Components , 2006, AMTA.

[26]  Khaled Shaalan,et al.  Parsing modern standard Arabic using Treebank resources , 2015, 2015 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Research (ICTRC).

[27]  Ronald M. Kaplan,et al.  Lexical Functional Grammar A Formal System for Grammatical Representation , 2004 .

[28]  Eric Brill,et al.  Exploiting Diversity in Natural Language Processing: Combining Parsers , 1999, EMNLP.

[29]  Khaled Shaalan,et al.  Arabic Natural Language Processing: Challenges and Solutions , 2009, TALIP.