Multivariate association among morphology, fitness, and motor coordination characteristics in boys age 7 to 11.

Discussions of growth and motor performance of children are often set in the context of physical fitness. Although there is a clear theoretical concept or definition of fitness comprising motor coordination, the latter is not systematically considered. This study determined to what extent the variance in motor coordination might be explained by morphological and fitness characteristics. To postulate understanding of this association during childhood, 613 boys aged 7-11 years completed the morphological measurements, the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) and different fitness tests. The results demonstrated a substantial interrelationship among morphology, fitness and motor coordination in elementary school boys. The magnitude of explained variance and the loadings of the canonical correlation between the several constructs are strongly pronounced during childhood indicating that these constructs should be well considered given their contribution to a child's general development.

[1]  R. Wickstrom.  Fundamental motor patterns , 1970 .

[2]  N. A. Bernshteĭn.  The co-ordination and regulation of movements , 1967 .

[3]  Michael L. Booth,et al.  Relationships between Body Composition and Fundamental Movement Skills among Children and Adolescents , 2004, Research quarterly for exercise and sport.

[4]  L. DeStefano.  Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency , 2008 .

[5]  Marcel Bouffard,et al.  A Test of the Activity Deficit Hypothesis With Children With Movement Difficulties , 1996 .

[6]  B. Abernethy,et al.  Practice and play in the development of sport expertise. , 2007 .

[7]  B. Livingstone.  Epidemiology of childhood obesity in Europe , 2000, European Journal of Pediatrics.

[8]  J. Lefevre,et al.  The KörperkoordinationsTest für Kinder: reference values and suitability for 6–12‐year‐old children in Flanders , 2011, Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports.

[9]  K. Janz.  Growth, maturation, and physical activity, 2nd edition , 2004 .

[10]  R G Eston,et al.  Special Communication , 2022 .

[11]  David Stodden,et al.  The Association Between Motor Skill Competence and Physical Fitness in Young Adults , 2009, Research quarterly for exercise and sport.

[12]  Ilse de Bourdeaudhuij,et al.  Physical fitness and physical activity in obese and nonobese Flemish youth. , 2003, Obesity research.

[13]  L. Micheli,et al.  Strength Training for Children and Adolescents , 2001, The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.

[14]  N. Schott,et al.  Physical Fitness in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder , 2007, Research quarterly for exercise and sport.

[15]  Craig A. Buschner.  Teaching Children Movement Concepts and Skills: Becoming a Master Teacher , 1994 .

[16]  David F. Stodden,et al.  A Developmental Perspective on the Role of Motor Skill Competence in Physical Activity: An Emergent Relationship , 2008 .

[17]  A. Claessens,et al.  Socio-economic status, growth, physical activity and fitness: The Madeira Growth Study , 2007, Annals of human biology.

[18]  R M Malina,et al.  Tracking of physical activity and physical fitness across the lifespan. , 1996, Research quarterly for exercise and sport.

[19]  G. Beunen,et al.  The contribution of biological maturation to the strength and motor fitness of children. , 1997, Annals of human biology.

[20]  D. Williamson,et al.  Secular increases in relative weight and adiposity among children over two decades: the Bogalusa Heart Study. , 1997, Pediatrics.

[21]  A. Mikesky,et al.  Neuromuscular adaptations following prepubescent strength training. , 1994, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[22]  C. Blimkie.  Resistance Training During Preadolescence , 1993, Sports medicine.

[23]  M. Booth,et al.  Mastery of fundamental motor skills among New South Wales school students: prevalence and sociodemographic distribution. , 1999, Journal of science and medicine in sport.

[24]  M. Haga.  The relationship between physical fitness and motor competence in children. , 2008, Child: care, health and development.

[25]  John J Reilly,et al.  Fundamental movement skills and habitual physical activity in young children. , 2005, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[26]  G. Beunen,et al.  An assessment of maturity from anthropometric measurements. , 2002, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[27]  Johan Pion,et al.  Gross motor coordination in relation to weight status and age in 5- to 12-year-old boys and girls: a cross-sectional study. , 2011, International journal of pediatric obesity : IJPO : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[28]  P. Hirtz.  SENSITIVE AND CRITICAL PERIODS OF MOTOR CO-ORDINATION DEVELOPMENT AND ITS RELATION TO MOTOR LEARNING by , 2003 .

[29]  김 선진,et al.  운동발달의 이해 = Understanding motor development , 2003 .

[30]  P. Morgan,et al.  Does childhood motor skill proficiency predict adolescent fitness? , 2008, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[31]  Ernst J. Kiphard,et al.  Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder , 1974 .

[32]  A. Okely,et al.  Relationship of physical activity to fundamental movement skills among adolescents. , 2001, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[33]  S. Ratel.  High-intensity and resistance training and elite young athletes. , 2011, Medicine and sport science.

[34]  T. Lohman,et al.  Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual , 1988 .

[35]  H. Krombholz.  Physical Performance in Relation to Age, Sex, Social Class and Sports Activities in Kindergarten and Elementary School , 1997, Perceptual and motor skills.

[36]  Katherine E. Jones,et al.  The Relationship Between Motor Proficiency and Physical Activity in Children , 2006, Pediatrics.

[37]  D. Sale,et al.  Strength training effects in prepubescent boys. , 1990, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[38]  D. Carroll,et al.  The effects of physical activity and exercise training on psychological stress and well-being in an adolescent population. , 1992, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[39]  R. Uauy,et al.  Obesity in children and young people: a crisis in public health. , 2004, Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[40]  C. Caspersen,et al.  Physical activity and the incidence of coronary heart disease. , 1987, Annual review of public health.

[41]  Peter Hespel,et al.  PASSCLAIM – Physical performance and fitness , 2003, European journal of nutrition.