Mammalian facilitative glucose transporter family: structure and molecular regulation.

Except for the active uptake of glucose from the lumen of the small intestine and proximal tubule of the kidney, the" transport of glucose across cell membranes' occurs by facilitated diffusion. Currently, cDNAs encoding five structurally-related proteins with the properties of faCilitative glucose transporters have been isolated and characterized (Table I). The five isoforms have been designated GLUT lIerythrocyte , GLUT2/liver, GLUT3/brain, GLUT4/muscle-fat, and GLUT5/smali intestine (25,52). In addition to these five functional facilitative glucose transporters, an expressed facilitative glu­ cose transporter pseudogene-like sequence (GLUT6) has been identified in human tissues (39). This sequence is part of a ubiquitously expressed mRNA, but does not encode a functional protein. The purification and characteriZation of the human erythrocyte glucose transporter provided the basiS" for th"e isolation of human and rat GLUT 1

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