Short Exposure Time Sensitivity of White Cells to Shear Stress

White cells are a critical functional element circulating in blood. This study sheared fresh whole bovine blood in stainless steel and polymeric capillary tubes of various lengths and diameters. Flow rate was constant, resulting in a range of exposure times and shear stresses. White cell count, cell integrity (trypan blue exclusion), and phagocytic index (latex bead ingestion) were assayed. It was found that cell function declined at lower stresses than cell count. White cell count was maintained at higher stress levels at the short exposure times used here compared with the published results at longer times. This study suggests that function, not count, is the critical parameter when studying shear effects on white cells, and that, like red cells, there may be an exposure time effect and that white cell function is impacted at stresses lower than are required for hemolysis.

[1]  W J Kolff,et al.  White blood cell phagocytosis after artificial heart implantation. , 1978, Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs.

[2]  L V McIntire,et al.  Enzyme release and morphological changes in leukocytes induced by mechanical trauma. , 1979, Blood cells.

[3]  J D Hellums,et al.  Red blood cell damage by shear stress. , 1972, Biophysical journal.

[4]  J. Moake,et al.  THE RESPONSE OF HUMAN PLATELETS TO SHEAR STRESS AT SHORT EXPOSURE TIMES , 1977, Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs.

[5]  Y. Fung,et al.  Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues , 1981 .

[6]  P. McCarthy,et al.  Nosocomial bloodstream infections in patients with implantable left ventricular assist devices. , 2001, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[7]  L. McIntire,et al.  Mechanical trauma effects on leukocytes. , 1976, Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs.

[8]  R. Varco,et al.  SOME BIOLOGIC LIMITATIONS TO PROLONGED BLOOD PUMPING. , 1965, Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs.

[9]  S. Wellhausen,et al.  Immunologic complications of long-term implantation of a total artificial heart , 1988, Journal of Clinical Immunology.

[10]  Ph.D. David R. Gross D.V.M. Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research , 1985, Springer Netherlands.

[11]  B. Kusserow,et al.  Perfusion- and surface-induced injury in leukocytes. , 1971, Federation proceedings.

[12]  S. Sutera,et al.  Flow-induced trauma to blood cells. , 1977, Circulation research.

[13]  H. Maeda,et al.  A new simple fluorometric assay for phagocytosis. , 1986, Journal of immunological methods.

[14]  H. Harasaki,et al.  A comprehensive hematologic study in calves with total artificial hearts. , 1995, ASAIO journal.

[15]  E. Bernstein,et al.  Influence of mechanical factors on erythrocyte sublethal damage. , 1968, Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs.

[16]  T Koller,et al.  Contribution to the in vitro testing of pumps for extracorporeal circulation. , 1967, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[17]  R M Hochmuth,et al.  Shear-induced aggregation and lysis of platelets. , 1976, Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs.

[18]  K. Mcleish,et al.  Alterations in select immunologic parameters following total artificial heart implantation. , 1987, Artificial organs.

[19]  G. Carlson,et al.  Isolation of leukocytes from bovine peripheral blood. , 1973, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[20]  W. Raub From the National Institutes of Health. , 1990, JAMA.

[21]  L V McIntire,et al.  Mechanical trauma in leukocytes. , 1977, The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine.

[22]  Y Nosé,et al.  Mechanical white blood cell damage in rotary blood pumps. , 2008, Artificial organs.

[23]  E. Berstein,et al.  Effects of surface injury and shear stress on platelet aggregation and serotonin release. , 1975, Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs.

[24]  Y Nosé,et al.  The need for standardizing the index of hemolysis. , 1994, Artificial organs.