Standardized names and definitions for driving performance measures

Historically, driving performance measures have been undefined or vaguely defined, and if defined, inconsistently used. Consequently, driving studies are difficult to compare and challenging to replicate, undermining the professional credibility of researchers and the field of automotive human factors. This study developed names and definitions for 12 common lateral and longitudinal driving performance measures relating to: driving within and between lanes (lane departure, lane change, lateral lane position); steering wheel reversal; headway and gap (distance gap, time gap, distance headway, time headway); pedals (accelerator release time, accelerator to brake transition time, brake reaction time); and time to collision) Human factors and lexicographical criteria were developed for defining driving performance operational definitions. Based on the criteria and literature, standard measure names and definitions were developed. It is intended that human factors engineers and researchers will use these definitions for research and design, consequently providing a more consistent and comparable evaluation processes.

[1]  Mark S. Young,et al.  Journey's End: Will Vehicle Automation Make Skilled Drivers Redundant? , 2000 .

[2]  Linda Angell,et al.  The Dimensions of Driver Performance during Secondary Manual Tasks , 2005 .

[3]  Neil D. Lerner,et al.  The Effects of Teen Passengers on Teen Driver Speeds and Headways , 2005 .

[4]  D de Waard,et al.  Road-edge delineation in rural areas: effects on driving behaviour , 2000, Ergonomics.

[5]  Christian J. Jerome,et al.  Surprise Braking Trials, Time-to-Collision Judgments, and "First Look" Maneuvers Under Realistic Rear-End Crash Scenarios , 2005 .

[6]  Matthew Rizzo,et al.  Traffic Entry Judgments by Aging Drivers , 2005 .

[7]  John D Lee,et al.  Auditory alerts for in-vehicle information systems: The effects of temporal conflict and sound parameters on driver attitudes and performance , 2004, Ergonomics.

[8]  John D. Lee,et al.  Effects of Multiple Auditory Alerts for in-Vehicle Information Systems on Driver Attitudes and Performance , 2001 .

[9]  David H. Hoffmeister,et al.  Effects of Shared Secondary Controls and Operational Modes on Performance and Perceived Workload during a Simulated Driving Task , 2000 .

[10]  Daniel V. McGehee,et al.  Collision Warning Timing, Driver Distraction, and Driver Response to Imminent Rear-End Collisions in a High-Fidelity Driving Simulator , 2002, Hum. Factors.

[11]  Christopher D. Wickens,et al.  Driving and Side Task Performance: The Effects of Display Clutter, Separation, and Modality , 2004, Hum. Factors.

[12]  David J. Wheatley,et al.  Driver Choice of Headway with Auditory Warnings , 2001 .

[13]  Jacques Droulez,et al.  Role of Lateral Acceleration in Curve Driving: Driver Model and Experiments on a Real Vehicle and a Driving Simulator , 2001, Hum. Factors.

[14]  M. Lucas Neurauter.  Multimodal Warnings: Curve-Warning Design , 2005 .

[15]  Håkan Alm.  Driver Fatigue and Accidents - Can Visual Sensitivity Predict Drivers Ability to Drive Safely ? , 2000 .

[16]  David Shinar,et al.  Headway Feedback Improves Intervehicular Distance: A Field Study , 2002, Hum. Factors.

[17]  Ram Bishu,et al.  Cognitive abilities in driving: Differences between normal and hazardous situations , 2004, Ergonomics.

[18]  P Moffa,et al.  DEVELOPMENT OF PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS FOR COLLISIONS AVOIDANCE SYSTEMS FOR LANE CHANGE CRASHES , 2000 .

[19]  Robert Graham,et al.  Experimental Comparison of Manual and Voice Controls for the Operation of in-Vehicle Systems , 2000 .

[20]  Erwin R. Boer,et al.  Vehicle Braking is Slower under Dual-Task Conditions: Evidence for “Central” Interference , 2004 .

[21]  Daniel V. McGehee,et al.  Human Performance Models and Rear-End Collision Avoidance Algorithms , 2001, Hum. Factors.

[22]  Michael Perel,et al.  Relation Between Glare and Driving Performance , 2002, Hum. Factors.

[23]  Vivek Bhise,et al.  Driving with the Traditional Viewed-Through-the-Steering Wheel Cluster vs. the Forward-Center Mounted Instrument Cluster , 2004 .

[24]  Xianjun Sam Zheng,et al.  Effects of Verbal and Spatial-Imagery Tasks on Drivers' Situation Awareness of Traffic Information , 2005 .

[25]  Shane Mclaughlin,et al.  On-Road Investigation of Driver Following and Deceleration on Surface Streets , 2000 .

[26]  R Nilsson,et al.  Drivers' impressions of front and rear gaps in queues , 2000, Ergonomics.

[27]  David Shinar,et al.  Effects of an In-Vehicle Collision Avoidance Warning System on Short- and Long-Term Driving Performance , 2002, Hum. Factors.

[28]  Neville A Stanton,et al.  Taking the load off: investigations of how adaptive cruise control affects mental workload , 2004, Ergonomics.

[29]  Daniel V. McGehee,et al.  Prior Exposure, Warning Algorithm Parameters and Driver Response to Imminent Rear-End Collisions on a High-Sfideltiy Simulator , 2000 .

[30]  Michael E Rakauskas,et al.  Behavioral Effects of Driver Distraction and Alcohol Impairment , 2005 .

[31]  Paul Milgram,et al.  An Empirical Investigation of a Dynamic Brake Light Concept for Reduction of Rear-End Collision Accidents during Emergency Braking , 2005 .

[32]  Zachary R. Doerzaph,et al.  Driver Deceleration and Response Time When Approaching an Intersection: Implications for Intersection Violation Warning , 2004 .

[33]  Timothy L. Brown,et al.  Speech-Based Interaction with In-Vehicle Computers: The Effect of Speech-Based E-Mail on Drivers' Attention to the Roadway , 2001, Hum. Factors.

[34]  Aaron Steinfeld,et al.  Naturalistic Findings for Assisted Snowplow Operation , 2001 .

[35]  Thomas A. Dingus,et al.  The 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study Phase II – Results of the 100-Car Field Experiment , 2006 .

[36]  Alex Chaparro,et al.  Age Related Differences in Driving Performance and Target Identification , 2000 .

[37]  Christopher D. Wickens,et al.  The Effects of Head-Up Display Clutter and In-Vehicle Display Separation on Concurrent Driving Performance , 2003 .

[38]  John Richardson,et al.  The Human Factors of Collision Warning Systems: System Performance, Alarm Timing, and Driver Trust , 2004 .

[39]  Matthew Rizzo,et al.  DEMOGRAPHIC AND DRIVING PERFORMANCE FACTORS IN SIMULATOR ADAPTATION SYNDROME , 2005 .

[40]  Kaleb McDowell,et al.  Assessing the Validity of the Ride Motion Simulator for a Remote Vehicle Control Task , 2005 .

[41]  Omer Tsimhoni,et al.  Address Entry While Driving: Speech Recognition Versus a Touch-Screen Keyboard , 2004, Hum. Factors.

[42]  Wassim G. Najm,et al.  Evaluation of the intelligent cruise control system. Volume 2, Appendices , 1999 .

[43]  Chip Wood,et al.  Driver Workload Management during Cell Phone Conversations , 2005 .

[44]  W. Wierwille,et al.  Analysis of Distribution, Frequency, and Duration of Naturalistic Lane Changes , 2002 .

[45]  David Shinar,et al.  Minimum and Comfortable Driving Headways: Reality versus Perception , 2001, Hum. Factors.

[46]  Wassim G. Najm,et al.  Evaluation of an Automotive Rear-End Collision Avoidance System , 2006 .

[47]  Dot Hs,et al.  Automotive Collision Avoidance System Field Operational Test , 2002 .

[48]  John F. Brock,et al.  Use of a Fixed-Base Driving Simulator to Evaluate the Effects of Experience and PC-Based Risk Awareness Training on Drivers' Decisions , 2002, Hum. Factors.

[49]  Frank A. Drews,et al.  FATAL DISTRACTION? A COMPARISON OF THE CELL-PHONE DRIVER AND THE DRUNK DRIVER , 2005 .

[50]  Monica N. Lees,et al.  The Effect of Insight and Error-Based Feedback on Young Drivers' following Behavior and Confidence , 2004 .

[51]  John D. Lee,et al.  The Influence of IVIS Distractions on Tactical and Control Levels of Driving Performance , 2004 .

[52]  Sidney I. Landau,et al.  Dictionaries: The Art and Craft of Lexicography , 1985 .

[53]  Jeff Allen Greenberg,et al.  Surrogate Measures of Visual Demand while Driving , 2000 .

[54]  Xianjun Sam Zheng,et al.  The Effect of Secondary Tasks on Drivers' Scanning Behavior , 2003 .

[55]  Valerie J. Gawron,et al.  Human performance measures handbook , 2000 .

[56]  John R Bloomfield,et al.  Investigating Huds in Specialty Vehicles , 2001 .

[57]  Paul Milgram,et al.  An Empirical Investigation of the Influence of Perception of Time-To-Collision on Gap Control in Automobile Driving , 2004 .

[58]  Thomas A. Dingus,et al.  Attention Demand of IVIS Auditory Displays: An On-Road Study Under Freeway Environments , 2000 .

[59]  A. Hamish Jamson,et al.  Speech-Based E-Mail and Driver Behavior: Effects of an In-Vehicle Message System Interface , 2004, Hum. Factors.

[60]  Daniel V. McGehee,et al.  Driver Reaction Time in Crash Avoidance Research: Validation of a Driving Simulator Study on a Test Track , 2000 .

[61]  Frank Drews,et al.  Profiles in Driver Distraction: Effects of Cell Phone Conversations on Younger and Older Drivers , 2004, Hum. Factors.

[62]  Thomas A. Ranney,et al.  Effects of Voice Technology on Test Track Driving Performance: Implications for Driver Distraction , 2005, Hum. Factors.

[63]  Arthur F. Kramer,et al.  The Effects of Speech Production and Speech Comprehension on Simulated Driving Performance , 2006 .

[64]  T Dukic,et al.  Effect of button location on driver's visual behaviour and safety perception , 2005, Ergonomics.

[65]  David Shinar,et al.  Driver Performance with a Collision Avoidance System , 2000 .

[66]  David L. Smith,et al.  Analysis of Braking and Steering Performance in Car- Following Scenarios , 2003 .

[67]  Thomas A. Dingus,et al.  The Effect of Advanced Traveler Information Display Modality on Driver Performance , 2000 .

[68]  Christopher Nowakowski,et al.  An Experimental Evaluation of Using Automotive HUDs to Reduce Driver Distraction While Answering Cell Phones , 2002 .

[69]  Rob Gray,et al.  Perceptual Processes Used by Drivers During Overtaking in a Driving Simulator , 2005, Hum. Factors.

[70]  Christina M. Rudin-Brown,et al.  Behavioral Adaptation to Adaptive Cruise Control , 2003 .

[71]  Louis Tijerina,et al.  Preliminary Evaluation of the Proposed Sae J2364 15-Second Rule for Accessibility of Route Navigation System Functions while Driving , 2000 .

[72]  Tal Oron-Gilad,et al.  Alertness Maintaining Tasks While Driving , 2002 .

[73]  Thomas A. Dingus,et al.  Effects of Haptic Brake Pulse Warnings on Driver Behavior during an Intersection Approach , 2005 .

[74]  Robert E. Llaneras,et al.  Design and Evaluation of a Prototype Rear Obstacle Detection and Driver Warning System , 2005, Hum. Factors.

[75]  F N Tate,et al.  Evaluating the effects of bilingual traffic signs on driver performance and safety , 2005, Ergonomics.

[76]  James W. Jenness,et al.  Voice-Activated Dialing or Eating a Cheeseburger: Which is More Distracting during Simulated Driving? , 2002 .

[77]  Wassim G. Najm,et al.  ANALYSIS OF LANE CHANGE CRASHES , 2003 .

[78]  Gary S. Robinson,et al.  Temporal Separation and Self-Rating of Alertness as Indicators of Driver Fatigue in Commercial Motor Vehicle Operators , 2004, Hum. Factors.

[79]  Erik Hollnagel,et al.  EFFECTS OF A NIGHT VISION ENHANCEMENT SYSTEM (NVES) ON DRIVING: RESULTS FROM A SIMULATOR STUDY , 2005 .

[80]  Nobuyuki Kuge,et al.  Influence of a Driver Support System on Situation Awareness and Information Processing in Response to Lead Vehicle Braking , 2004 .

[81]  Myra Blanco,et al.  A Taxonomy for Secondary In-Vehicle Tasks Based on Eye Glance and Task completion Time , 2005 .

[82]  Dot Hs,et al.  The 100 Car Naturalistic Driving Study , 2002 .

[83]  William J. Horrey,et al.  Multiple Resource Modeling of Task Interference in Vehicle Control, Hazard Awareness and In-vehicle Task Performance , 2005 .

[84]  P. Gove.  Webster's third new international dictionary of the English language, unabridged, with seven language dictionary , 1976 .

[85]  Suzanne E. Lee,et al.  A COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION OF NATURALISTIC LANE-CHANGES , 2004 .

[86]  Omer Tsimhoni,et al.  Visual Demand of Driving and the Execution of Display-Intensive in-Vehicle Tasks , 2001 .

[87]  John Golias,et al.  Differences between Vehicle Lateral Displacement on the Road and in a Fixed-Base Simulator , 2002, Hum. Factors.