The INTEGRAL view of Gamma-Ray Bursts

After more than six and half years in orbit, the ESA space observatory INTEGRAL has provided new, exciting results in the soft gamma-ray energy range (from a few keV to a few MeV). With the discovery of about 700 hard X-Ray sources, it has changed our previous view of a sky composed of peculiar and "monster" sources. The new high energy sky is in fact full of a large variety of normal, very energetic emitters, characterized by new accretion and acceleration processes (see also IBIS cat4 (Bird et al., 2010). At the same time, about one GRB/month is detected and imaged by the two main gamma-ray instruments on board: IBIS and SPI. In this paper, we review the major achievements of the INTEGRAL observatory in the field of Gamma-Ray Bursts. We summarize the global properties of Gamma-Ray Bursts detected by INTEGRAL, with respect to their duration, spectral index, and peak flux distributions. We recall INTEGRAL results on the spectral lag analysis, showing how long-lag GRBs appear to form a separate population at low peak fluxes. We review the outcome of polarisation studies performed by using INTEGRAL data. Finally, concerning single GRB studies, we highlight the properties of particularly interesting Gamma-Ray Bursts in the INTEGRAL sample.

[1]  M. Tavani Shock high-energy emission mechanisms applied to SGRs and GRBs , 1995 .

[2]  C. Kouveliotou,et al.  Search for Polarization from the Prompt Gamma-Ray Emission of GRB 041219a with SPI on INTEGRAL , 2006, astro-ph/0610771.

[3]  P. A. Jensen,et al.  JEM-X: The X-ray monitor aboard INTEGRAL ? , 2003 .

[4]  D. M. Palmer,et al.  BATSE observations of gamma-ray burst spectra. 2: Peak energy evolution in bright, long bursts , 1994 .

[5]  C. Kouveliotou,et al.  The Fourth BATSE Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog (Revised) , 1999, astro-ph/9903205.

[6]  F. Lei,et al.  Compton Polarimetry in Gamma-Ray Astronomy , 1997 .

[7]  S. B. Pandey,et al.  GRB 030227: The first multiwavelength afterglow of an INTEGRAL GRB , 2003, astro-ph/0309804.

[8]  Eli Waxman,et al.  Astronomy: New direction for γ-rays , 2003, Nature.

[9]  M. Feroci,et al.  Discovery of a Redshifted Iron K Line in the X-Ray Afterglow of GRB 000214 , 2000 .

[10]  F. Mannucci,et al.  The supernova rate in local galaxy clusters , 2007, 0710.1094.

[11]  L. Hanlon,et al.  Global characteristics of GRBs observed with INTEGRAL and the inferred large population of low-luminosity GRBs , 2008, 0803.1821.

[12]  M. Feroci,et al.  BeppoSAX Measurements of the Bright Gamma-Ray Burst 010222 , 2001, astro-ph/0104362.

[13]  O. Williams,et al.  Observations of the intense and ultra-long burst GRB 041219a with the Germanium spectrometer on INTEGRAL , 2006, astro-ph/0604455.

[14]  A. Castro-Tirado,et al.  INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton Observations of the Weak Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 030227 , 2003, astro-ph/0304477.

[15]  J. P. Norris,et al.  Connection between Energy-dependent Lags and Peak Luminosity in Gamma-Ray Bursts , 1999, astro-ph/9903233.

[16]  Jesper Sollerman,et al.  No supernovae associated with two long-duration γ-ray bursts , 2006, Nature.

[17]  Richard D. Starr,et al.  IPN triangulation of GRB031027 (small error box). , 2003 .

[18]  J. G. Jernigan,et al.  First Results from the All-Sky Monitor on the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer , 1996, astro-ph/9608109.

[19]  Jonathan Granot,et al.  LINEAR POLARIZATION IN GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: THE CASE FOR AN ORDERED MAGNETIC FIELD , 2003 .

[20]  M. Feroci,et al.  Prompt and Delayed Emission Properties of Gamma-Ray Bursts Observed with BeppoSAX , 1999, astro-ph/9911228.

[21]  R. Preece,et al.  The nu F nu Peak Energy Distributions of Gamma-Ray Bursts Observed by BATSE , 1995 .

[22]  M. Feroci,et al.  The puzzling case of GRB 990123: prompt emission and broad-band afterglow modeling , 2005 .

[23]  L Piro,et al.  Discovery of a transient absorption edge in the X-ray spectrum of GRB 990705. , 2000, Science.

[24]  D. Gotz,et al.  VARIABLE POLARIZATION MEASURED IN THE PROMPT EMISSION OF GRB 041219A USING IBIS ON BOARD INTEGRAL , 2009, 0903.1712.

[25]  Georg Weidenspointner,et al.  SPI: The spectrometer aboard INTEGRAL , 2003 .

[26]  Giancarlo Ghirlanda,et al.  Extremely hard GRB spectra prune down the forest of emission models , 2002 .

[27]  Jonathan Granot The Most Probable Cause for the High Gamma-Ray Polarization in GRB 021206 , 2003 .

[28]  Luigi Piro,et al.  Third Rome Workshop on Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era , 2004 .

[29]  Melvyn B. Davies,et al.  A new type of long gamma-ray burst , 2007 .

[30]  G. Ghirlanda,et al.  The Collimation-corrected Gamma-Ray Burst Energies Correlate with the Peak Energy of Their νFν Spectrum , 2004, astro-ph/0405602.

[31]  S. B. Cenko,et al.  Relativistic ejecta from X-ray flash XRF 060218 and the rate of cosmic explosions , 2006, Nature.

[32]  R. Preece,et al.  The νFν peak energy distributions of gamma-ray bursts observed by BATSE , 2008 .

[33]  Robert Chapman,et al.  How common are long gamma-ray bursts in the local Universe? , 2007, 0708.2106.

[34]  Martin J. Rees,et al.  Compton drag as a mechanism for very high linear polarization in gamma-ray bursts , 2004 .

[35]  M. Feroci,et al.  Intrinsic spectra and energetics of BeppoSAX Gamma-Ray Bursts with known redshifts , 2002, astro-ph/0205230.

[36]  B. Ramsey,et al.  IBIS: The Imager on-board INTEGRAL , 2003 .

[37]  M. March,et al.  OMC: An Optical Monitoring Camera for INTEGRAL Instrument description and performance , 2003 .

[38]  R. Terrier,et al.  THE FOURTH IBIS/ISGRI SOFT GAMMA-RAY SURVEY CATALOG , 2009, 0910.1704.

[39]  W. S. Paciesas,et al.  The BATSE Gamma-Ray Burst Spectral Catalog. I. High Time Resolution Spectroscopy of Bright Bursts Using High Energy Resolution Data , 2000 .

[40]  J. N. Reeves,et al.  Delayed Soft X-Ray Emission Lines in the Afterglow of GRB 030227 , 2003 .

[41]  Statistics, Handle with Care: Detecting Multiple Model Components with the Likelihood Ratio Test , 2002, astro-ph/0201547.

[42]  D. A. Kann,et al.  X-ray flashes or soft gamma-ray bursts? : The case of the likely distant XRF 040912 , 2006, astro-ph/0610157.

[43]  T. Bulik,et al.  GRB 030406 - an extremely hard burst outside of the INTEGRAL field of view , 2006, astro-ph/0604433.

[44]  David L. Band,et al.  Gamma-Ray Burst Spectral Evolution through Cross-Correlations of Discriminator Light Curves , 1997, astro-ph/9704206.

[45]  Bing Zhang,et al.  STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF GAMMA-RAY BURST POLARIZATION , 2008, 0812.2483.

[46]  Chiko Otani,et al.  A Possible Emission Feature in an X-Ray Afterglow of GRB 970828 as a Radiative Recombination Edge , 2001 .

[47]  M. Medvedev Theory of “Jitter” Radiation from Small-Scale Random Magnetic Fields and Prompt Emission from Gamma-Ray Burst Shocks , 2000, astro-ph/0001314.

[48]  C. I. O. Technology.,et al.  Polarization of Prompt Gamma-Ray Burst Emission: Evidence for Electromagnetically Dominated Outflow , 2003, astro-ph/0305410.

[49]  C. Kouveliotou,et al.  Identification of two classes of gamma-ray bursts , 1993 .

[50]  L. Piro,et al.  Broadband Observations of the Afterglow of GRB 000926: Observing the Effect of Inverse Compton Scattering and Evidence for a High-Density Environment , 2001 .

[51]  G. Di Cocco,et al.  The INTEGRAL mission , 2003 .

[52]  University of Southampton,et al.  Polarisation studies of the prompt gamma-ray emission from GRB 041219a using the spectrometer aboard INTEGRAL , 2007, astro-ph/0702738.

[53]  W. S. Paciesas,et al.  The Synchrotron Shock Model Confronts a "Line of Death" in the BATSE Gamma-Ray Burst Data , 1998 .

[54]  M. Feroci,et al.  The X-Ray Afterglow of the Gamma-Ray Burst of 1997 May 8:Spectral Variability and Possible Evidence of an Iron Line , 1999, astro-ph/9902013.

[55]  Baltimore,et al.  The potential of INTEGRAL for the detection of high redshift GRBs , 2004 .