Gelsolin, a Multifunctional Actin Regulatory Protein*

The actin cytoskeleton is an essential scaffold for integrating membrane and intracellular functions. It is very dynamic and is remodeled in response to a variety of signals. Growth factor stimulation promotes actin assembly at the plasma membrane to generate movement, whereas apoptotic signals cause cytoskeletal destruction to elicit characteristic membrane blebbing and morphological changes. Gelsolin is a Caand polyphosphoinositide 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) -regulated actin filament severing and capping protein that is implicated in actin remodeling in growing and in apoptotic cells (reviewed in Refs. 1 and 2). This review summarizes data supporting the role of gelsolin in cytoskeletal remodeling and phosphoinositide signaling and discusses the structural basis for the Ca and PIP2 regulation of severing and capping by gelsolin.

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